Evolutionary gain and loss of a pathological immune response to parasitism.
Evolutionary gain and loss of a pathological immune response to parasitism.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abo3411
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发表时间：
2022-09-09
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Bolnick, Daniel I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weber, Jesse N.;Steinel, Natalie C.;Peng, Foen;Shim, Kum Chuan;Lohman, Brian K.;Fuess, Lauren E.;Subramanian, Swapna;De Lisle, Stephen P.;Bolnick, Daniel I.
寄生虫将适应成本强加给宿主。生物学家经常假设自然选择有利于抗感染的宿主。然而，当免疫反应本身代价高昂时，理论表明选择有时可能有利于抵抗力的丧失，这可能导致替代的稳定状态，其中一些种群具有抵抗力，而另一些种群具有耐受性。免疫代价的种内变异很少以测试进化模式的方式进行调查，也很少有适应性丧失抗性的例子。在这里，我们表明，当海洋threespine棘鱼殖民淡水湖泊，他们获得了抵抗淡水相关的绦虫，Schistocephalus solidus。广泛的腹膜纤维化和炎症是一种常见的表型，有助于抑制绦虫的生长和活力，但也造成了生殖力降低的巨大代价。结合遗传作图和群体基因组学，我们发现，相对选择产生免疫系统之间的差异耐受性和耐药性的人口，一致的发散优化。鱼类进化纤维化以抑制寄生虫的生长，但代价高昂的繁殖力下降，然后通过纤维化抑制选择感染耐受性。
Parasites impose fitness costs on their hosts. Biologists often assume that natural selection favors infection-resistant hosts. Yet, when the immune response itself is costly, theory suggests selection may sometimes favor loss of resistance, which may result in alternative stable states where some populations are resistant and others are tolerant. Intraspecific variation in immune costs are rarely surveyed in a manner that tests evolutionary patterns, and there are few examples of adaptive loss of resistance. Here, we show that when marine threespine stickleback colonized freshwater lakes they gained resistance to the freshwater-associated cestode, Schistocephalus solidus. Extensive peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation is a commonly observed phenotype that contributes to suppression of cestode growth and viability, but also impose a substantial cost of reduced fecundity. Combining genetic mapping and population genomics, we find that opposing selection generates immune system differences between tolerant and resistant populations, consistent with divergent optimization. Fish evolve fibrosis to suppress parasite growth, but costly decreases in fecundity then select for infection tolerance via fibrosis suppression.
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