SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness.
SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41579-022-00841-7
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
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文献类型：
--
作者：
2020年底，在人群中传播近一年后，严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）在适应人类方面出现了重大变化。这些高度突变的SARS-CoV-2形式相对于以前的变体具有更高的传播率，并被称为“关注变体”（VOC）。被指定为Alpha，Beta，Gamma，Delta和Omicron的VOC彼此独立地出现，并且反过来每一种都迅速成为区域或全球的主导，与以前的变体竞争。每种VOC相对于先前的显性变体的成功是通过改变病毒的内在功能特性以及在不同程度上改变赋予逃避引发的免疫应答的能力的病毒抗原性来实现的。与VOC相关的病毒适应性增加是由于疫苗接种和既往感染引起的人类免疫力变化背景下病毒生物学复杂相互作用的结果。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关SARS-CoV-2变异体的相对传播性和抗原性，弗林蛋白酶刺突切割位点和非刺突蛋白突变的作用，重组对病毒成功的潜在重要性，以及SARS-CoV-2在T细胞，先天免疫和群体免疫背景下的进化的文献。SARS-CoV-2在病毒抗原性、传播和毒力之间显示出复杂的关系，这对COVID-19的未来轨迹和疾病负担具有不可预测的影响。在这篇综述中，作者总结了严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）变异所携带的突变。他们描述了突变对病毒感染性和传播性的影响，并在T细胞，先天免疫和群体免疫的背景下讨论了SARS-CoV-2的进化。
In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited a major step change in its adaptation to humans. These highly mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2 had enhanced rates of transmission relative to previous variants and were termed ‘variants of concern’ (VOCs). Designated Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron, the VOCs emerged independently from one another, and in turn each rapidly became dominant, regionally or globally, outcompeting previous variants. The success of each VOC relative to the previously dominant variant was enabled by altered intrinsic functional properties of the virus and, to various degrees, changes to virus antigenicity conferring the ability to evade a primed immune response. The increased virus fitness associated with VOCs is the result of a complex interplay of virus biology in the context of changing human immunity due to both vaccination and prior infection. In this Review, we summarize the literature on the relative transmissibility and antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the role of mutations at the furin spike cleavage site and of non-spike proteins, the potential importance of recombination to virus success, and SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the context of T cells, innate immunity and population immunity. SARS-CoV-2 shows a complicated relationship among virus antigenicity, transmission and virulence, which has unpredictable implications for the future trajectory and disease burden of COVID-19. In this Review, the authors summarize the mutations harboured by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern. They describe the impact of mutations on virus infectivity and transmissibility, and discuss SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the context of T cells, innate immunity and population immunity.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Barnes CO;Jette CA;Abernathy ME;Dam KA;Esswein SR;Gristick HB;Malyutin AG;Sharaf NG;Huey-Tubman KE;Lee YE;Robbiani DF;Nussenzweig MC;West AP Jr;Bjorkman PJ
通讯作者：
Bjorkman PJ
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2119451
发表时间：
2022-04-21
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrews N;Stowe J;Kirsebom F;Toffa S;Rickeard T;Gallagher E;Gower C;Kall M;Groves N;O'Connell AM;Simons D;Blomquist PB;Zaidi A;Nash S;Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz N;Thelwall S;Dabrera G;Myers R;Amirthalingam G;Gharbia S;Barrett JC;Elson R;Ladhani SN;Ferguson N;Zambon M;Campbell CNJ;Brown K;Hopkins S;Chand M;Ramsay M;Lopez Bernal J
通讯作者：
Lopez Bernal J
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Alu A;Chen L;Lei H;Wei Y;Tian X;Wei X
通讯作者：
Wei X
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
ANDERSON, RM;MAY, RM
通讯作者：
MAY, RM
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Cao, Yunlong;Yisimayi, Ayijiang;Jian, Fanchong;Song, Weiliang;Xiao, Tianhe;Wang, Lei;Du, Shuo;Wang, Jing;Li, Qianqian;Chen, Xiaosu;Yu, Yuanling;Wang, Peng;Zhang, Zhiying;Liu, Pulan;An, Ran;Hao, Xiaohua;Wang, Yao;Feng, Rui;Sun, Haiyan;Zhao, Lijuan;Zhang, Wen;Zhao, Dong;Zheng, Jiang;Yu, Lingling;Li, Can;Zhang, Na;Wang, Rui;Niu, Xiao;Yang, Sijie;Song, Xuetao;Chai, Yangyang;Hu, Ye;Shi, Yansong;Zheng, Linlin;Li, Zhiqiang;Gu, Qingqing;Shao, Fei;Huang, Weijin;Jin, Ronghua;Shen, Zhongyang;Wang, Youchun;Wang, Xiangxi;Xiao, Junyu;Xie, Xiaoliang Sunney
通讯作者：
Xie, Xiaoliang Sunney