Higher frequency of social learning in China than in the West shows cultural variation in the dynamics of cultural evolution.

Higher frequency of social learning in China than in the West shows cultural variation in the dynamics of cultural evolution.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2014.2209
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发表时间:
2015-01-07
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lu HJ
Lu HJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mesoudi A;Chang L;Murray K;Lu HJ

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文化进化模型已经确定了一系列条件,在这些条件下,社会学习(模仿他人)被预测为相对于非社会学习(自己学习)是自适应的,特别是在人类中,因为社会学习的信息可以在后代中积累。然而,文化进化和行为经济学实验一直表明,在西方人口中,社会信息显然不适应、不充分利用。在这里,我们提供了人们使用社交学习的文化差异的实验证据,潜在地解释了这种不匹配。在一项旨在评估社会信息使用适应性的人工制品设计任务中,中国大陆人中国比英国人表现出明显更多的社交学习能力。香港人和在英国的中国移民在社交信息使用方面与英国人相似,这表明由于接触了西方文化,这些群体最近从社交学习转向了非社交学习。最后,与其他参与者相比,中国大陆参与者对任务中日益增多的环境变化的反应较少。我们的结果表明,人类的学习策略在文化上是可变的,而不是遗传上固定的,这就需要研究社会学习策略的社会学习,即文化进化的动力对社会过程做出反应,如移民、教育和全球化。
Cultural evolutionary models have identified a range of conditions under which social learning (copying others) is predicted to be adaptive relative to asocial learning (learning on one's own), particularly in humans where socially learned information can accumulate over successive generations. However, cultural evolution and behavioural economics experiments have consistently shown apparently maladaptive under-utilization of social information in Western populations. Here we provide experimental evidence of cultural variation in people's use of social learning, potentially explaining this mismatch. People in mainland China showed significantly more social learning than British people in an artefact-design task designed to assess the adaptiveness of social information use. People in Hong Kong, and Chinese immigrants in the UK, resembled British people in their social information use, suggesting a recent shift in these groups from social to asocial learning due to exposure to Western culture. Finally, Chinese mainland participants responded less than other participants to increased environmental change within the task. Our results suggest that learning strategies in humans are culturally variable and not genetically fixed, necessitating the study of the ‘social learning of social learning strategies' whereby the dynamics of cultural evolution are responsive to social processes, such as migration, education and globalization.
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