Cross-level sociodemographic homogeneity alters individual risk for completed suicide.
Cross-level sociodemographic homogeneity alters individual risk for completed suicide.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2006333117
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发表时间：
2020-10-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kafadar K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pescosolido BA;Lee B;Kafadar K
最近美国自杀人数的意外增加，加强了对用新方法来理解自杀风险的呼吁。将自杀风险的复杂性理论化并协调现有的大型数据源，我们发现了两种截然不同的模式。在地理环境中拥有更多相似的人会降低非本地出生、失业和丧偶个人的自杀风险。然而，在某些种族/民族和婚姻状况群体比例较高的县，社会相似性会增加自杀风险。了解社会环境如何改变个人自杀风险，可以提出创新的研究方向，并为制定个性化和量身定制的反自杀计划、政策和治疗策略提供途径。在绝望的死亡中，美国自杀的个人和社区相关性一直被确定并且众所周知。然而，自杀率一直顽固地不屈服于降低自杀率的努力，这促使人们呼吁寻找新的研究方向。联系影响水平在理论上已经提出，但由于美国的数据限制而受阻。在连通性重要性理论的指导下，我们尝试统一国家暴力死亡报告系统（NVDRS）和美国社区调查（ACS），以匹配个人和县一级的风险，以应对低基准率、地理分散和适当的比较组等独特的数据挑战。我们将个人和社区之间的跨阶层社会人口同质性理论化，我们称之为“社会相似性”或“同一性”，重点关注社区中有相似的人是否会降低个人自杀风险。虽然这项新的美国多层次自杀数据（MSD-US）的分析重复了几个个体和背景的发现，但考虑到相似性，通常对风险的理解在两个关键方面发生了变化。首先，年轻、非美国出生、丧偶或已婚、失业或有身体残疾的人的高自杀风险大幅降低，且具有更大的一致性。其次，这种缓和模式在美国原住民、阿拉斯加原住民、亚洲人和西班牙裔人中，以及在本地出生和未婚的人中，随着社会相似性的增加，个体的低自杀风险显著增加。研究结果标志着社会结构和文化的共同影响，对自杀的联系复杂性提供了独特的见解，并为政策和实践提供了考虑。
Recent unexpected increases in US suicides reinforce calls for fresh approaches to understanding suicide risk. Theorizing the complexity of suicide risk and harmonizing existing large data sources, we find two distinct patterns. Having more similar others in a geographical context dampens suicide risk for non–native-born, unemployed, and widowed individuals. However, social similarity heightens suicide risk in counties with a larger share of some race/ethnic and marital status groups. Knowing how social contexts alter individual suicide risk suggests innovative research directions, and provides paths to craft personalized and tailored strategies for anti-suicide programs, policies, and treatment. Among deaths of despair, the individual and community correlates of US suicides have been consistently identified and are well known. However, the suicide rate has been stubbornly unyielding to reduction efforts, promoting calls for novel research directions. Linking levels of influence has been proposed in theory but blocked by data limitations in the United States. Guided by theories on the importance of connectedness and responding to unique data challenges of low base rates, geographical dispersion, and appropriate comparison groups, we attempt a harmonization of the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) and the American Community Survey (ACS) to match individual and county–level risks. We theorize cross-level sociodemographic homogeneity between individuals and communities, which we refer to as “social similarity” or “sameness,” focusing on whether having like-others in the community moderates individual suicide risks. While analyses from this new Multilevel Suicide Data for the United States (MSD-US) replicate several individual and contextual findings, considering sameness changes usual understandings of risk in two critical ways. First, high individual risk for suicide among those who are younger, not US born, widowed or married, unemployed, or have physical disabilities is cut substantially with greater sameness. Second, this moderating pattern flips for Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Asians, and Hispanics, as well as among native-born and unmarried individuals, where low individual suicide risk increases significantly with greater social similarity. Results mark the joint influence of social structure and culture, deliver unique insights on the complexity of connectedness in suicide, and offer considerations for policy and practice.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bettencourt, Luis M. A.
通讯作者：
Bettencourt, Luis M. A.
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Bearman, PS;Moody, J
通讯作者：
Moody, J
影响因子：
2
作者：
HAMILTON, WD
通讯作者：
HAMILTON, WD
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
Franklin, Joseph C.;Ribeiro, Jessica D.;Nock, Matthew K.
通讯作者：
Nock, Matthew K.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Berkman, LF;Glass, T;Seeman, TE
通讯作者：
Seeman, TE