Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans.

Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans.
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人类中葡萄糖,脂质和能量代谢的昼夜节律调节。

DOI:
10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.017
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发表时间:
2018-07
期刊:
Metabolism: clinical and experimental
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Peterson CM
Peterson CM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Poggiogalle E;Jamshed H;Peterson CM

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昼夜节律系统以每天24小时的周期协调新陈代谢。这种节律通过暂时分离相反的代谢过程和通过预期反复出现的进食-禁食周期来组织代谢,以提高代谢效率。虽然动物研究表明,昼夜节律系统在调节新陈代谢中起着普遍的作用,但目前还不清楚啮齿动物的昼夜节律研究如何以及在多大程度上转化为人类。在这里,我们审查的证据表明,昼夜节律系统调节葡萄糖,脂质和能量代谢在人类。使用一系列实验方案,在人类中的研究报告了葡萄糖、胰岛素、葡萄糖耐量、脂质水平、能量消耗和食欲的昼夜节律。其中一些节律在生物学上的早晨或下午早些时候达到峰值,暗示白天早些时候是最佳的食物摄入时间。重要的是,这些节律的中断损害代谢并影响代谢疾病的发病机制。因此,我们还审查了由不适时的光照、睡眠或食物摄入引起的昼夜节律失调对人类代谢健康产生不利影响的证据。昼夜节律系统、代谢和行为之间的这些相互联系强调了时间生物学对于预防和治疗糖尿病、肥胖和高脂血症的重要性。
The circadian system orchestrates metabolism in daily 24-hour cycles. Such rhythms organize metabolism by temporally separating opposing metabolic processes and by anticipating recurring feeding-fasting cycles to increase metabolic efficiency. Although animal studies demonstrate that the circadian system plays a pervasive role in regulating metabolism, it is unclear how, and to what degree, circadian research in rodents translates into humans. Here, we review evidence that the circadian system regulates glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans. Using a range of experimental protocols, studies in humans report circadian rhythms in glucose, insulin, glucose tolerance, lipid levels, energy expenditure, and appetite. Several of these rhythms peak in the biological morning or early afternoon, implicating earlier in the daytime as optimal for food intake. Importantly, disruptions in these rhythms impair metabolism and influence the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. We therefore also review evidence that circadian misalignment induced by mistimed light exposure, sleep, or food intake adversely affects metabolic health in humans. These interconnections among the circadian system, metabolism, and behavior underscore the importance of chronobiology for preventing and treating diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
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