Liver Injury and Metabolic Dysregulation in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) after Ammonia Exposure.
Liver Injury and Metabolic Dysregulation in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) after Ammonia Exposure.
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DOI：
10.3390/metabo13020274
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发表时间：
2023-02-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
环境氨升高会导致大多数鱼类的呼吸系统紊乱和代谢功能紊乱，目前的研究主要集中在鱼类的行为和鳃功能方面。以往的研究很少揭示大口黑鲈肝脏对氨负荷反应的分子机制。本试验选取120尾大口黑鲈，分别暴露于总氨氮浓度为0 mg/L和13 mg/L的环境中3 d和7 d。组织学研究表明，氨暴露严重损害了鱼的肝脏结构，并伴有血清丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性升高。RT-qPCR结果显示，氨暴露可下调糖原代谢、三羧酸循环、脂质代谢和尿素循环通路相关基因的表达，上调糖异生和谷氨酰胺合成通路相关基因的表达。因此，在氨胁迫下，大口黑鲈肝脏中的氨主要转化为谷氨酰胺，很少用于尿素合成。此外，转录组结果显示，氨暴露还导致大口黑鲈肝脏氧化磷酸化通路上调，丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路下调。可能在氨暴露过程中，大口黑鲈肝脏氧化磷酸化的能量供应增加，而这一过程是由MAPK信号通路介导的。
Elevated environmental ammonia leads to respiratory disorders and metabolic dysfunction in most fish species, and the majority of research has concentrated on fish behavior and gill function. Prior studies have rarely shown the molecular mechanism of the largemouth bass hepatic response to ammonia loading. In this experiment, 120 largemouth bass were exposed to total ammonia nitrogen of 0 mg/L or 13 mg/L for 3 and 7 days, respectively. Histological study indicated that ammonia exposure severely damaged fish liver structure, accompanied by increased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity. RT-qPCR results showed that ammonia exposure down-regulated the expression of genes involved in glycogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, and urea cycle pathways, whereas it up-regulated the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and glutamine synthesis pathways. Thus, ammonia was mainly converted to glutamine in the largemouth bass liver during ammonia stress, which was rarely further used for urea synthesis. Additionally, transcriptome results showed that ammonia exposure also led to the up-regulation of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and down-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the liver of largemouth bass. It is possible that the energy supply of oxidative phosphorylation in the largemouth bass liver was increased during ammonia exposure, which was mediated by the MAPK signaling pathway.
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