Endocrine disruptors and the breast: early life effects and later life disease.
Endocrine disruptors and the breast: early life effects and later life disease.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10911-013-9275-7
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发表时间：
2013-03
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fenton, Suzanne E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macon, Madisa B.;Fenton, Suzanne E.
乳腺癌风险有遗传和环境/生活方式两个组成部分。可遗传成分的贡献很小（5- 27%），将大部分风险留给环境（例如，应用的化学品、食物残留、职业危害、药物、压力）和生活方式（例如，体力活动、化妆品、水源、酒精、吸烟）。然而，这些因素并没有得到很好的界定，主要是由于需要考虑的因素数量巨大。在人类和啮齿动物模型中，作为内分泌干扰化合物（EDCs）的环境因素已被证明会破坏正常的乳房发育，并导致不良的终身后果，特别是在生命早期暴露时。内分泌干扰物可以直接或间接作用于乳腺组织，增加对化学致癌物的敏感性，或促进增生、珠状导管或肿瘤的发展。还报告了保护作用。这些变化的机制尚不清楚。环境因子也可能在成年啮齿动物模型中作为致癌物，直接导致或促进肿瘤的发展，通常在一个以上的器官中。许多环境代理人，作为内分泌干扰物，并已知影响乳房进行了讨论。了解这些化合物的作用机制对于防止它们在未来对乳房的影响至关重要。
Breast cancer risk has both heritable and environment/lifestyle components. The heritable component is a small contribution (5–27 %), leaving the majority of risk to environment (e.g., applied chemicals, food residues, occupational hazards, pharmaceuticals, stress) and lifestyle (e.g., physical activity, cosmetics, water source, alcohol, smoking). However, these factors are not well-defined, primarily due to the enormous number of factors to be considered. In both humans and rodent models, environmental factors that act as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been shown to disrupt normal mammary development and lead to adverse lifelong consequences, especially when exposures occur during early life. EDCs can act directly or indirectly on mammary tissue to increase sensitivity to chemical carcinogens or enhance development of hyperplasia, beaded ducts, or tumors. Protective effects have also been reported. The mechanisms for these changes are not well understood. Environmental agents may also act as carcinogens in adult rodent models, directly causing or promoting tumor development, typically in more than one organ. Many of the environmental agents that act as EDCs and are known to affect the breast are discussed. Understanding the mechanism(s) of action for these compounds will be critical to prevent their effects on the breast in the future.
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