Developmental and neurochemical features of cholinergic neurons in the murine cerebral cortex.
Developmental and neurochemical features of cholinergic neurons in the murine cerebral cortex.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2202-10-18
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发表时间：
2009-03-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Amadeo A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Consonni S;Leone S;Becchetti A;Amadeo A
大脑皮层内胆碱能细胞的存在和作用是有争议的，因为它们在不同的哺乳动物物种中的位置和形态不同。我们应用胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）免疫细胞化学研究了小鼠大脑皮层胆碱能神经元的分布，在成年和出生后的发展。为了更精确地对这些神经元进行神经化学鉴定，已通过共聚焦显微镜分析了ChAT与皮质神经元群体不同标记物的可能共定位。该方法也被用来验证胆碱能细胞和皮质微血管之间的关系。ChAT阳性细胞出现于出生后第1周末。它们的密度在出生后第二周开始时急剧增加，在此期间仍然高于围产期和成年阶段。在成年人的新皮层，胆碱能神经元特别是在躯体感觉区的表达，虽然他们的密度也显着的视觉和听觉领域。ChAT阳性细胞在其他区域趋于稀少。它们主要位于颗粒上层，并显示出梭形/双极形态。ChAT与锥体神经元标记物的共定位可以忽略不计。另一方面，超过一半的胆碱能神经元含有钙视黄蛋白，但没有一个表达小白蛋白或钙结合蛋白。然而，只有一小部分的ChAT阳性细胞在发展过程中，很少在成年期变成GABA能，从GABA及其生物合成酶GAD 67/65的表达判断。一致的是，ChAT没有表现出本地化与中间神经元表达绿色荧光蛋白的GAD 67启动子的控制下，在成人新皮层。最后，皮质胆碱能细胞往往表现出密切的联系与微血管壁，与胶质血管标记物水通道蛋白4，支持以前的假设胆碱能细胞在调节皮质微循环的作用。我们的研究结果表明，皮质内胆碱能系统的发展伴随着皮质重排在出生后第二周，一个关键的阶段，为建立皮层细胞结构和突触。虽然内在的ChAT阳性细胞通常表达calretinin，但它们显示出可变的GABA能表型，这取决于标记物和皮质发育阶段。
The existence and role of intrinsic cholinergic cells in the cerebral cortex is controversial, because of their variable localization and morphology in different mammalian species. We have applied choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry to study the distribution of cholinergic neurons in the murine cerebral cortex, in the adult and during postnatal development. For more precise neurochemical identification of these neurons, the possible colocalization of ChAT with different markers of cortical neuronal populations has been analyzed by confocal microscopy. This method was also used to verify the relationship between cholinergic cells and cortical microvessels. ChAT positive cells appeared at the end of the first postnatal week. Their density dramatically increased at the beginning of the second postnatal week, during which it remained higher than in perinatal and adult stages. In the adult neocortex, cholinergic neurons were particularly expressed in the somatosensory area, although their density was also significant in visual and auditory areas. ChAT positive cells tended to be scarce in other regions. They were mainly localized in the supragranular layers and displayed a fusiform/bipolar morphology. The colocalization of ChAT with pyramidal neuron markers was negligible. On the other hand, more than half of the cholinergic neurons contained calretinin, but none of them expressed parvalbumin or calbindin. However, only a fraction of the ChAT positive cells during development and very few in adulthood turned out to be GABAergic, as judged from expression of GABA and its biosynthetic enzymes GAD67/65. Consistently, ChAT showed no localization with interneurons expressing green fluorescent protein under control of the GAD67 promoter in the adult neocortex. Finally, the cortical cholinergic cells often showed close association with the microvessel walls, as identified with the gliovascular marker aquaporin 4, supporting previous hypotheses on the role of cholinergic cells in modulating the cortical microcirculation. Our results show that the development of the intracortical cholinergic system accompanies the cortical rearrangements during the second postnatal week, a crucial stage for the establishment of cortical cytoarchitecture and for synaptogenesis. Although intrinsic ChAT positive cells usually expressed calretinin, they displayed a variable GABAergic phenotype depending on marker and on cortical developmental stage.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Kasashima, S;Kawashima, A;Oda, Y
通讯作者：
Oda, Y
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
HOUSER, CR;CRAWFORD, GD;VAUGHN, JE
通讯作者：
VAUGHN, JE
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
JOHNSTON, MV;YOUNG, AC;COYLE, JT
通讯作者：
COYLE, JT
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Avendano, C;Umbriaco, D;Descarries, L
通讯作者：
Descarries, L
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bayraktar, T;Staiger, JF;Zilles, K
通讯作者：
Zilles, K