The Prevention of Childhood Sexual Abuse
The Prevention of Childhood Sexual Abuse
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预防儿童性虐待
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Finkelhor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Finkelhor
大卫·芬克尔霍（David Finkelhor）研究了防止儿童性虐待的举措，这些举措侧重于两项主要策略：罪犯管理和学校教育计划。最近的主要罪犯管理举措包括登记性犯罪者、向社区通报其存在、进行背景就业调查、控制罪犯的居住地以及判处更长的徒刑。尽管这些举措赢得了公众和政策制定者的认可，但几乎没有证据表明它们能有效预防性虐待。此外，芬克尔霍警告说，这些举措是基于对性虐待者的过度刻板印象，将性虐待者视为恋童癖者、狡猾的陌生人，他们在公共场所和其他容易接触的环境中对儿童进行性侵犯，一旦被发现，他们极有可能再次犯罪。事实上，人口更加多样化。大多数性虐待者并不是陌生人或恋童癖者；许多人（约三分之一）本身就是青少年。许多人一旦被捕，再次犯罪的风险相对较低。芬克尔霍认为，作为一种预防策略，罪犯管理的最严重缺陷可能是，只有一小部分新罪犯有性犯罪记录，而这些记录会让他们被纳入管理系统。他建议利用执法资源抓捕更多未被发现的犯罪者，并将集中管理工作集中在那些重新犯罪风险最高的人身上。 芬克尔霍解释说，以学校为基础的教育项目教授孩子们如何识别危险情况、拒绝施虐者的接近、中断互动以及寻求帮助等技能。这些计划还旨在促进信息披露、减少自责并动员旁观者。对这些计划进行了大量的评估研究，表明它们实现了某些目标。例如，研究表明年轻人能够而且确实获得了这些概念。这些计划可能会促进披露并帮助孩子们不要责备自己。但关于教育计划是否减少受害行为的研究尚无定论。芬克尔霍敦促进一步研究和开发这种方法，特别是努力将其纳入全面的健康和安全促进课程。 芬克尔霍还指出，有证据支持针对犯罪者（尤其是青少年）的咨询策略，以减少再次犯罪，并为受害者提供咨询策略，以防止与虐待相关的负面心理健康和生命历程结果。
David Finkelhor examines initiatives to prevent child sexual abuse, which have focused on two primary strategies—offender management and school-based educational programs. Recent major offender managment initiatives have included registering sex offenders, notifying communities about their presence, conducting background employment checks, controlling where offenders can live, and imposing longer prison sentences. Although these initiatives win approval from both the public and policy makers, little evidence exists that they are effective in preventing sexual abuse. Moreover, these initiatives, cautions Finkelhor, are based on an overly stereotyped characterization of sexual abusers as pedophiles, guileful strangers who prey on children in public and other easy-access environments and who are at high risk to re-offend once caught. In reality the population is much more diverse. Most sexual abusers are not strangers or pedophiles; many (about a third) are themselves juveniles. Many have relatively low risks for re-offending once caught. Perhaps the most serious shortcoming to offender management as a prevention strategy, Finkelhor argues, is that only a small percentage of new offenders have a prior sex offense record that would have involved them in the management system. He recommends using law enforcement resources to catch more undetected offenders and concentrating intensive management efforts on those at highest risk to re-offend. Finkelhor explains that school-based educational programs teach children such skills as how to identify dangerous situations, refuse an abuser’s approach, break off an interaction, and summon help. The programs also aim to promote disclosure, reduce self-blame, and mobilize bystanders. Considerable evaluation research exists about these programs, suggesting that they achieve certain of their goals. Research shows, for example, that young people can and do acquire the concepts. The programs may promote disclosure and help children not to blame themselves. But studies are inconclusive about whether education programs reduce victimization. Finkelhor urges further research and development of this approach, in particular efforts to integrate it into comprehensive health and safety promotion curricula. Finkelhor also points to evidence that supports counseling strategies both for offenders, particularly juveniles, to reduce re-offending, and for victims, to prevent negative mental health and life course outcomes associated with abuse.
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向学龄前儿童教授个人安全技能的计划比较。
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Wurtele,SK;Kast,LC;Miller-Perrin,CL;Kondrick,PA
通讯作者：
Kondrick,PA
教师与家长作为学龄前儿童个人安全计划讲师的比较。
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Wurtele,SK;Gillispie,EI;Currier,LL;Franklin,CF
通讯作者：
Franklin,CF
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DOI：
10.1037/0003-066x.60.6.628
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
The American psychologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Weisz,JohnR;Sandler,IrwinN;Durlak,JosephA;Anton,BarryS
通讯作者：
Anton,BarryS
幼儿性虐待预防教育：教师和家长作为指导者的比较。
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Wurtele,SK;Kast,LC;Melzer,AM
通讯作者：
Melzer,AM
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
KENDALLTACKETT, KA;WILLIAMS, LM;FINKELHOR, D
通讯作者：
FINKELHOR, D