Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted by local neuronal activity.

Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted by local neuronal activity.
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局部神经元活性预测的感觉皮质中的预期血流动力学信号。

DOI:
10.1038/nature07664
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发表时间:
2009-01-22
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Das, Aniruddha
Das, Aniruddha
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sirotin, Yevgeniy B.;Das, Aniruddha

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功能性脑成像(例如功能磁共振成像)的血液动力学信号被认为反映了局部神经元活动产生的代谢需求,血液动力学信号的同等增加意味着潜在神经元活动的同等增加。很少有研究比较警觉动物的神经元和血液动力学信号来测试这种假设的对应关系。在这里,我们提出了对这一假设提出质疑的证据。使用双波长光学成像技术,连续测量警觉行为猴子的脑血容量和氧合,我们发现警觉动物的初级视觉皮层(V1)中的血流动力学信号有两个不同的组成部分。一种成分可以通过视觉输入产生的神经元反应可靠地预测。另一个成分——几乎具有相当的强度——是一种迄今为止未知的信号,它会引导任务结构独立于视觉输入或血液动力学的标准神经预测因子。后一个组成部分显示了预测时间,即使在黑暗中,由于预期试验开始,脑血容量也会增加。这种试验锁定的血液动力学信号可能是由于伴随的 V1 动脉泵血机制,在时间上紧密匹配,动脉扩张峰值伴随着预测的试验开始。这些发现(在两只动物身上进行测试)挑战了目前对大脑血流动力学与局部神经元活动之间联系的理解。他们还表明,大脑中存在一种新颖的准备机制,可以将额外的动脉血输送到皮层,以应对预期的任务。
Hæmodynamic signals underlying functional brain imaging (e.g. fMRI) are assumed to reflect metabolic demand generated by local neuronal activity, with equal increases in hæmodynamic signal implying equal increases in the underlying neuronal activity. Few studies have compared neuronal and hæmodynamic signals in alert animals to test for this assumed correspondence. Here we present evidence bringing this assumption into question. Using a dual-wavelength optical imaging technique that independently measures cerebral blood volume and oxygenation, continuously, in alert behaving monkeys, we find two distinct components to the hæmodynamic signal in the alert animals' primary visual cortex (V1). One component is reliably predictable from neuronal responses generated by visual input. The other component – of almost comparable strength – is a hitherto unknown signal that entrains to task structure independent of visual input or of standard neural predictors of hæmodynamics. This latter component shows predictive timing, with increases of cerebral blood volume in anticipation of trial onsets even in darkness. This trial-locked hæmodynamic signal could be due to an accompanying V1 arterial pumping mechanism, closely matched in time, with peaks of arterial dilation entrained to predicted trial onsets. These findings (tested in 2 animals) challenge the current understanding of the link between brain hæmodynamics and local neuronal activity. They also suggest the existence of a novel preparatory mechanism in the brain that brings additional arterial blood to cortex in anticipation of expected tasks.
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