Hypoxia-induced acetylation of PAK1 enhances autophagy and promotes brain tumorigenesis via phosphorylating ATG5.

Hypoxia-induced acetylation of PAK1 enhances autophagy and promotes brain tumorigenesis via phosphorylating ATG5.
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缺氧诱导的PAK1乙酰化通过磷酸化ATG5增强自噬并促进脑肿瘤发生。

DOI:
10.1080/15548627.2020.1731266
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
影响因子:
13.3
通讯作者:
Zhang Z
Zhang Z
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Feng X;Zhang H;Meng L;Song H;Zhou Q;Qu C;Zhao P;Li Q;Zou C;Liu X;Zhang Z

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尽管通过靶向激酶调节的巨自噬/自噬来治疗脑肿瘤正在研究中,但自噬启动的精确机制及其在胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)中的意义仍有待确定。在此,我们报告 PAK1(p21 [RAC1] 激活激酶 1)显着上调并促进 GBM 发育。癌症基因组图谱分析表明,PAK1 在 GBM 中的致癌作用主要与自噬有关。随后的实验表明,PAK1 确实是 GBM 中缺氧诱导的自噬的正调节剂。从机制上讲,缺氧会诱导 ELP3 介导的 PAK1 在 K420 处乙酰化,从而抑制 PAK1 的二聚化并增强其活性,从而导致随后 PAK1 介导的 T101 残基处的 ATG5(自噬相关 5)磷酸化。该事件不仅可以保护 ATG5 免受泛素化依赖性降解,还可以增加 ATG12-ATG5 复合物与 ATG16L1(自噬相关 16 like 1)之间的亲和力。因此,缺氧诱导的自噬和脑肿瘤发生需要 ELP3 依赖性的 PAK1 (K420) 乙酰化和 PAK1 介导的 ATG5 (T101) 磷酸化,从而促进自噬体形成。使用 shRNA 或小分子抑制剂 FRAX597 沉默 PAK1 可能会阻止自噬和 GBM 生长。此外,SIRT1 介导的 K420 处 PAK1 脱乙酰化会阻碍自噬和 GBM 生长。临床上,GBM患者中PAK1(K420)乙酰化水平与ATG5(T101)磷酸化表达显着相关。总之,该报告揭示了 PAK1 的乙酰化修饰和激酶活性在缺氧诱导的自噬启动和维持 GBM 生长中发挥着重要作用。因此,PAK1及其在自噬通路中的调节因子可能代表GBM治疗的潜在治疗靶点。缩写:3-MA:3-甲基腺嘌呤; Ac-CoA:乙酰辅酶A; ATG5:自噬相关5; ATG16L1,自噬相关16样1; BafA1:巴弗洛霉素A1; CDC42:细胞分裂周期42; CGGA:中国胶质瘤基因组图谱; CHX,放线菌酮; ELP3:延伸乙酰转移酶复合物亚基3; GBM,胶质母细胞瘤; HBSS:汉克斯平衡盐溶液; MAP1LC3B/LC3:微管相关蛋白1轻链3β; MAP2K1:丝裂原激活蛋白激酶激酶1; MAPK14,丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 14; PAK1:p21 (RAC1) 激活激酶 1; PDK1:丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶1; PGK1,磷酸甘油酸激酶1; PTM:翻译后修饰; RAC1:Rac家族小GTPase 1; SQSTM1: 隔离体 1; TCGA,癌症基因组图谱。
Although the treatment of brain tumors by targeting kinase-regulated macroautophagy/autophagy, is under investigation, the precise mechanism underlying autophagy initiation and its significance in glioblastoma (GBM) remains to be defined. Here, we report that PAK1 (p21 [RAC1] activated kinase 1) is significantly upregulated and promotes GBM development. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis suggests that the oncogenic role of PAK1 in GBM is mainly associated with autophagy. Subsequent experiments demonstrate that PAK1 indeed serves as a positive modulator for hypoxia-induced autophagy in GBM. Mechanistically, hypoxia induces ELP3-mediated PAK1 acetylation at K420, which suppresses the dimerization of PAK1 and enhances its activity, thereby leading to subsequent PAK1-mediated ATG5 (autophagy related 5) phosphorylation at the T101 residue. This event not only protects ATG5 from ubiquitination-dependent degradation but also increases the affinity between the ATG12–ATG5 complex and ATG16L1 (autophagy related 16 like 1). Consequently, ELP3-dependent PAK1 (K420) acetylation and PAK1-mediated ATG5 (T101) phosphorylation are required for hypoxia-induced autophagy and brain tumorigenesis by promoting autophagosome formation. Silencing PAK1 with shRNA or small molecule inhibitor FRAX597 potentially blocks autophagy and GBM growth. Furthermore, SIRT1-mediated PAK1-deacetylation at K420 hinders autophagy and GBM growth. Clinically, the levels of PAK1 (K420) acetylation significantly correlate with the expression of ATG5 (T101) phosphorylation in GBM patients. Together, this report uncovers that the acetylation modification and kinase activity of PAK1 plays an instrumental role in hypoxia-induced autophagy initiation and maintaining GBM growth. Therefore, PAK1 and its regulator in the autophagy pathway might represent potential therapeutic targets for GBM treatment. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; Ac-CoA: acetyl coenzyme A; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG16L1, autophagy related 16 like 1; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CDC42: cell division cycle 42; CGGA: Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas; CHX, cycloheximide; ELP3: elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 3; GBM, glioblastoma; HBSS: Hanks balanced salts solution; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP2K1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; MAPK14, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; PAK1: p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1; PDK1: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PTMs: post-translational modifications; RAC1: Rac family small GTPase 1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas.
p21活化激酶1(PAK1)在口腔癌细胞的侵袭和运动中的潜在作用。
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