The prethalamus is established during gastrulation and influences diencephalic regionalization.
The prethalamus is established during gastrulation and influences diencephalic regionalization.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0050069
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发表时间：
2007-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Houart C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Staudt N;Houart C
脊椎动物神经板包含不同的基因表达域，预示着未来的大脑区域。在这项研究中，我们绘制了一个扩展的表达地图的吻神经板，揭示了离散域内推定后前脑。通过命运作图，我们发现这些明确的细胞群将发育成特定的间脑区域。为了解决这些早期亚区是否已经致力于限制身份，我们开始分析这些特定细胞群的消融和移植的后果。我们发现，前丘脑的前体细胞在原肠胚晚期已经被指定和不可替代，因为这些细胞的消融导致前丘脑标记物的丢失。此外，当移植到假定的后脑的异位环境中时，这些细胞仍然进行其丘脑前分化程序。最后，移植这些前体，在嘴部最神经上皮细胞，诱导周围宿主前脑细胞身份的变化。这种细胞的非自主属性使我们提出，这些承诺的前丘脑前体可能发挥了指导性的作用，在区域化的发展间脑。在发育的最早阶段，大脑首先形成为一个简单的细胞片，称为神经板。虽然该板看起来是同质的，但它包含可以通过差异基因表达鉴定的不同结构域。这些区域对应于不同的未来大脑区域。在这项研究中，我们检查了后来形成前脑的神经板区域的基因表达模式，以表明明确定义的细胞群将发育成特定的前脑区域，如前丘脑，丘脑，下丘脑和上丘脑。然后，我们测试这些早期的神经板亚区是否完全致力于一个特定的前脑身份。我们发现，前丘脑的前体是不能被其他邻近细胞所取代的，因为这些细胞的消融会导致前丘脑发育的丧失。此外，当前丘脑前体细胞被转移到假定的后脑环境中时，这些细胞仍然在进行它们的前丘脑分化程序。最后，当前丘脑前体被转移到未来前脑的区域时，它们改变了周围的宿主前脑。我们建议，致力于丘脑前体发挥指导作用的区域化的发展中前脑。这项研究表明，前丘脑的身份早在原肠胚形成结束时就建立了，从而阐明了前丘脑身份被分配给神经板内特定细胞群的发育阶段。
The vertebrate neural plate contains distinct domains of gene expression, prefiguring the future brain areas. In this study, we draw an extended expression map of the rostral neural plate that reveals discrete domains inside the presumptive posterior forebrain. We show, by fate mapping, that these well-defined cell populations will develop into specific diencephalic regions. To address whether these early subterritories are already committed to restricted identities, we began to analyse the consequences of ablation and transplantation of these specific cell populations. We found that precursors of the prethalamus are already specified and irreplaceable at late gastrula stage, because ablation of these cells results in loss of prethalamic markers. Moreover, when transplanted into the ectopic environment of the presumptive hindbrain, these cells still pursue their prethalamic differentiation program. Finally, transplantation of these precursors, in the rostral-most neural epithelium, induces changes in cell identity in the surrounding host forebrain. This cell–non-autonomous property led us to propose that these committed prethalamic precursors may play an instructive role in the regionalization of the developing diencephalon. During the earliest stages of development, the brain is first formed as a simple sheet of cells called the neural plate. Although the plate looks homogenous, it contains distinct domains that can be identified by differential gene expression. These domains correspond to distinct future brain areas. In this study, we examined gene expression patterns in an area of the neural plate that later forms the forebrain to show that well-defined cell populations will develop into specific forebrain regions, such as the prethalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. We then tested whether these early neural plate subterritories are fully committed to a particular forebrain identity. We found that precursors of the prethalamus are not replaceable by other neighbouring cells, because ablation of these cells results in loss of prethalamus development. Moreover, when prethalamus precursors were moved into the environment of the presumptive hindbrain, the cells still pursued their prethalamic differentiation program. Finally, when the prethalamic precursors were moved to areas of the future forebrain, they transformed the surrounding host forebrain. We propose that the committed prethalamic precursors play an instructive role in the regionalization of the developing forebrain. This study shows that prethalamic identity is established as early as the end of gastrulation, thereby elucidating the developmental stage at which prethalamus identity is assigned to a specific cell population inside the neural plate.
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