Stress strengthens memory of first impressions of others' positive personality traits.
Stress strengthens memory of first impressions of others' positive personality traits.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0016389
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发表时间：
2011-01-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schachinger H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lass-Hennemann J;Kuehl LK;Schulz A;Oitzl MS;Schachinger H
与陌生人相遇可能会产生社会冲突和压力，但也会形成联盟。对他人的第一印象在联盟的形成中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们为推断他人未来的社会态度提供了一个学习基础。压力可以促进情感记忆，但我们不知道压力是否会加强我们对他人性格特征的新印象的记忆。为了回答这个问题，我们对60名学生（37名女性，23名男性）进行了一项印象形成任务，观看肖像以及简短的积极与消极行为描述，然后进行3分钟的冷加压压力测试或非压力控制程序。第二天，新的和旧的肖像与单一的特质形容词配对，旧的肖像与前一天的行为描述相匹配的特质形容词。在一个填充任务后，肖像再次呈现，并要求受试者回忆特质形容词。线索回忆是较高的旧（先前暗示）比小说肖像的特质形容词，表明适用的测试程序的有效性。总的来说，压力组和对照组之间隐含特质形容词的回忆率没有差异。然而，虽然对照组对他人隐含的消极人格特质表现出更好的记忆表现，但压力组对他人隐含的积极人格特质表现出更强的回忆。这一结果表明，学习后的压力影响巩固的第一印象，在特定的方式效价。我们认为，压力引起的对他人积极特征的记忆的加强形成了在压力条件下形成联盟的重要线索。
Encounters with strangers bear potential for social conflict and stress, but also allow the formation of alliances. First impressions of other people play a critical role in the formation of alliances, since they provide a learned base to infer the other's future social attitude. Stress can facilitate emotional memories but it is unknown whether stress strengthens our memory for newly acquired impressions of other people's personality traits. To answer this question, we subjected 60 students (37 females, 23 males) to an impression-formation task, viewing portraits together with brief positive vs. negative behavior descriptions, followed by a 3-min cold pressor stress test or a non-stressful control procedure. The next day, novel and old portraits were paired with single trait adjectives, the old portraits with a trait adjective matching the previous day's behavior description. After a filler task, portraits were presented again and subjects were asked to recall the trait adjective. Cued recall was higher for old (previously implied) than the novel portraits' trait adjectives, indicating validity of the applied test procedures. Overall, recall rate of implied trait adjectives did not differ between the stress and the control group. However, while the control group showed a better memory performance for others' implied negative personality traits, the stress group showed enhanced recall for others' implied positive personality traits. This result indicates that post-learning stress affects consolidation of first impressions in a valence-specific manner. We propose that the stress-induced strengthening of memory of others' positive traits forms an important cue for the formation of alliances in stressful conditions.
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