Social relevance enhances memory for impressions in older adults.
Social relevance enhances memory for impressions in older adults.
复制标题
社会相关性增强了对老年人印象的记忆。
DOI：
10.1080/09658211.2012.660956
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gutchess AH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassidy BS;Gutchess AH
以前的研究已经证明，老年人在仅通过物品来提取上下文材料方面存在困难。最近的研究表明，这种缺陷可以通过增加情感背景来减少，这使得对社交印象的记忆可能比对其他类型的背景信息的记忆表现出的年龄相关性下降更少。两项研究调查了定位于信息的社交或自我相关方面如何有助于年轻人和老年人对印象的学习和检索。被试在使用自我参照(实验1)和人际意义(实验2)的不同条件下编码对他人的印象，并完成要求提取特定特征的记忆任务。在这两个实验中，不同年龄段的人都记住了相似数量的印象。在实验1中，无论年龄大小，使用更多的自我相关的编码环境都会增加对印象的记忆，而不是以一种非社交的方式定向到刺激。在实验2中，老年人对以个人间有意义的方式呈现的印象比以个人无关的方式呈现的印象具有更强的记忆能力，而年轻人则不受这种操纵的影响。研究结果表明，增加社会关联性可以改善印象记忆的年龄差异，并增强老年人成功提取背景信息的能力。
Previous research has demonstrated that older adults have difficulty retrieving contextual material over items alone. Recent research suggests this deficit can be reduced by adding emotional context, allowing for the possibility that memory for social impressions may show less age-related decline than memory for other types of contextual information. Two studies investigated how orienting to social or self-relevant aspects of information contributed to the learning and retrieval of impressions in young and older adults. Participants encoded impressions of others in conditions varying in the use of self-reference (Experiment 1) and interpersonal meaningfulness (Experiment 2), and completed memory tasks requiring the retrieval of specific traits. For both experiments, age groups remembered similar numbers of impressions. In Experiment 1, using more self-relevant encoding contexts increased memory for impressions over orienting to stimuli in a non-social way, regardless of age. In Experiment 2, older adults had enhanced memory for impressions presented in an interpersonally meaningful relative to a personally irrelevant way, whereas young adults were unaffected by this manipulation. The results provide evidence that increasing social relevance ameliorates age differences in memory for impressions, and enhances older adults’ ability to successfully retrieve contextual information.
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.6.2008
发表时间：
1994-03-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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