Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for NMR and MRI researchers.
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for NMR and MRI researchers.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmr.2012.11.029
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Conolly, Steven M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saritas, Emine U.;Goodwill, Patrick W.;Croft, Laura R.;Konkle, Justin J.;Lu, Kuan;Zheng, Bo;Conolly, Steven M.
关键词：
磁粒子成像（MPI）是一种新的示踪剂成像模式，正在获得显着的兴趣，从NMR和MRI研究人员。虽然MPI的物理学与MRI有很大的不同，但它采用了MRI研究人员熟悉的硬件和成像概念，例如磁激励和检测，脉冲序列和弛豫效应。此外，MPI采用了与有时用于MR血管造影和经常用于MRI细胞追踪研究相同的超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）造影剂。这些SPIO对人类来说比碘或钆安全得多，特别是对慢性肾病（CKD）患者。CKD患者虚弱的肾脏不能安全地排泄碘或钆，导致碘化X射线或CT血管造影或钆MRA研究后的发病率和死亡率增加。另一方面，氧化铁在肝脏中加工，并且已被证明即使对CKD患者也是安全的。与MRI中SPIO由于增加的T2* 失相而产生的“黑血”对比不同，MPI中的SPIO产生正的“亮血”对比。有了这种理想的对比度，即使是原型MPI扫描仪也可以在体模和动物中实现快速、高灵敏度和高对比度的毫米级分辨率血管造影。此外，MPI在一系列令人兴奋的应用中显示出巨大的潜力，包括体内干细胞跟踪，诊断或分期癌症的首过对比研究以及体内炎症成像。到目前为止，全世界只建造了少数几个原型小动物MPI扫描仪。因此，MPI是开放的巨大进步，特别是在硬件，脉冲序列和纳米粒子的改进，有可能彻底改变生物医学成像领域。
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new tracer imaging modality that is gaining significant interest from NMR and MRI researchers. While the physics of MPI differ substantially from MRI, it employs hardware and imaging concepts that are familiar to MRI researchers, such as magnetic excitation and detection, pulse sequences, and relaxation effects. Furthermore, MPI employs the same superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agents that are sometimes used for MR angiography and are often used for MRI cell tracking studies. These SPIOs are much safer for humans than iodine or gadolinium, especially for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The weak kidneys of CKD patients cannot safely excrete iodine or gadolinium, leading to increased morbidity and mortality after iodinated X-ray or CT angiograms, or after gadolinium MRA studies. Iron oxides, on the other hand, are processed in the liver, and have been shown to be safe even for CKD patients. Unlike the “black blood” contrast generated by SPIOs in MRI due to increased T2* dephasing, SPIOs in MPI generate positive, “bright blood” contrast. With this ideal contrast, even prototype MPI scanners can already achieve fast, high-sensitivity, and high-contrast angiograms with millimeter-scale resolutions in phantoms and in animals. Moreover, MPI shows great potential for an exciting array of applications, including stem cell tracking in vivo, first-pass contrast studies to diagnose or stage cancer, and inflammation imaging in vivo. So far, only a handful of prototype small-animal MPI scanners have been constructed worldwide. Hence, MPI is open to great advances, especially in hardware, pulse sequence, and nanoparticle improvements, with the potential to revolutionize the biomedical imaging field.
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