Measuring cognitive effort without difficulty.
Measuring cognitive effort without difficulty.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13415-023-01065-9
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发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roiser JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleming H;Robinson OJ;Roiser JP
认知努力文献中的一个重要发现是，对努力成本的敏感度因人而异，这表明有些人比其他人更讨厌努力。有人认为这可能解释了认知其他方面的个体差异;特别是更大的努力敏感性可能是抑郁症和精神分裂症等疾病的一些症状的基础。在本文中，我们强调了一个主要的问题，现有的措施，阻碍了这条线的研究，特别是混淆的努力和困难的认知努力。这意味着被认为揭示努力成本的行为同样可以用认知能力来解释，认知能力影响成功的频率，从而影响获得奖励的机会。为了解决这个缺点，我们引入了一个新的测试，数字转换任务（NST），专门设计，使难度不会受到努力操纵，可以很容易地在参与者之间标准化。在一个大的，在线的样本，我们表明，这些标准得到了成功的满足，并重现经典的努力折扣结果与NST。我们还演示了使用贝叶斯建模与此任务，产生的行为参数，可以与其他措施，并报告与认知规模的需要初步关联。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.3758/s13415-023-01065-9获得。
An important finding in the cognitive effort literature has been that sensitivity to the costs of effort varies between individuals, suggesting that some people find effort more aversive than others. It has been suggested this may explain individual differences in other aspects of cognition; in particular that greater effort sensitivity may underlie some of the symptoms of conditions such as depression and schizophrenia. In this paper, we highlight a major problem with existing measures of cognitive effort that hampers this line of research, specifically the confounding of effort and difficulty. This means that behaviour thought to reveal effort costs could equally be explained by cognitive capacity, which influences the frequency of success and thereby the chance of obtaining reward. To address this shortcoming, we introduce a new test, the Number Switching Task (NST), specially designed such that difficulty will be unaffected by the effort manipulation and can easily be standardised across participants. In a large, online sample, we show that these criteria are met successfully and reproduce classic effort discounting results with the NST. We also demonstrate the use of Bayesian modelling with this task, producing behavioural parameters which can be associated with other measures, and report a preliminary association with the Need for Cognition scale. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13415-023-01065-9.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Apps MA;Grima LL;Manohar S;Husain M
通讯作者：
Husain M
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Bays PM;Catalao RF;Husain M
通讯作者：
Husain M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0910662107
发表时间：
2010-04-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
McGuire, Joseph T.;Botvinick, Matthew M.
通讯作者：
Botvinick, Matthew M.
DOI：
10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z
发表时间：
2022-03-18
期刊：
Cognitive research: principles and implications
影响因子：
--
作者：
Crawford JL;Eisenstein SA;Peelle JE;Braver TS
通讯作者：
Braver TS
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Ang, Yuen-Siang;Gelda, Steven E.;Pizzagalli, Diego A.
通讯作者：
Pizzagalli, Diego A.