N-acetylcysteine reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and anterior cingulate glutamate/glutamine levels among cocaine-dependent individuals.

N-acetylcysteine reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and anterior cingulate glutamate/glutamine levels among cocaine-dependent individuals.
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n -乙酰半胱氨酸降低可卡因依赖个体的可卡因寻求行为和前扣带谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺水平。

DOI:
10.1111/adb.12900
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Greenwald, Mark K.
Greenwald, Mark K.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Woodcock, Eric A.;Lundahl, Leslie H.;Khatib, Dalal;Stanley, Jeffrey A.;Greenwald, Mark K.

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N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)是一种半胱氨酸前体药物,在临床前研究中显示可以减少可卡因和线索诱导的可卡因寻找行为的恢复。在这项住院研究中,在非寻求治疗的可卡因依赖者的自我给药过程中,研究了NAC维持与安慰剂对可卡因寻求行为的影响。12名参与者完成了这项双盲、安慰剂对照、受试者内交叉研究。每个参与者接受1周(周六至周五)的NAC(1200毫克TID;总共3600毫克/天)和1周的安慰剂(0 Mg TID)的治疗;用药顺序是随机的。一组受试者在服药第三天(MON)接受了质子磁共振波谱扫描(n=8),以评估嘴前扣带回(rACC;体素=4.5cm3)的神经化学。在每周四个随机疗程(星期二至星期五)中,每个参与者在注射主动可卡因剂量(110毫克)与安慰剂可卡因预备量(4毫克)后,可以按选择的累进比例计划赚取单位数量的可卡因(10毫克,固定)与金钱(0.5美元对1.5美元)。相对于安慰剂引诱剂量,主动可卡因引诱剂量(110毫克)增加了寻求可卡因的行为(p=0.003)。与安慰剂水平相比,NAC减少了可卡因诱导的可卡因寻求行为(p=.044),但没有改变安慰剂诱导的可卡因寻求行为。与小额替代方案(0.50美元;p=.011)相比,大额替代方案(1.50美元)抑制了寻求可卡因的行为。与安慰剂水平相比,NAC显著降低了rACC谷氨酸+谷氨酰胺水平(p=.035),并在数值上降低了rACC谷氨酸水平(p=.085)。这些初步发现表明,在一些但不是所有的实验场景中,NAC抑制了寻找可卡因的行为。此外,我们的研究结果表明,NAC可能通过调节rACC的兴奋性音调而发挥其治疗作用。
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a cystine prodrug shown to reduce cocaine- and cue-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in preclinical studies. In this inpatient study, the effects of NAC maintenance versus placebo on cocaine-seeking behavior were examined during cocaine-primed and unprimed self-administration sessions among non-treatment-seeking, cocaine-dependent individuals. Twelve participants completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover study. Each participant was maintained for 1 week (Sat–Fri) on NAC (1200-mg TID; 3600 mg/day total) and 1 week on placebo (0-mg TID); medication order was randomized. A subset of participants underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans (n = 8) on the third day of medication (Mon) to assess neurochemistry in the rostral anterior cingulate (rACC; voxel = 4.5 cm3). In four randomized sessions (Tue–Fri) each week, each participant could earn unit amounts of cocaine (10 mg, fixed) versus money ($0.50 vs. $1.50) on a choice, progressive ratio schedule after insufflating active versus placebo cocaine-priming doses (110 mg vs. 4 mg). Relative to the placebo priming dose, the active cocaine priming dose (110 mg) increased cocaine-seeking behavior (p = .003). NAC reduced cocaine-primed cocaine-seeking behavior compared with placebo levels (p = .044) but did not alter placebo-primed cocaine-seeking behavior. The larger money alternative ($1.50) suppressed cocaine-seeking behavior relative to the smaller money alternative ($0.50; p = .011). Compared with placebo levels, NAC significantly decreased rACC glutamate + glutamine levels (p = .035) and numerically decreased rACC glutamate levels (p = .085). These preliminary findings indicate that NAC suppresses cocaine-seeking behavior in some, but not all, experimental scenarios. Further, our findings suggest NAC may exert its therapeutic effects by modulating excitatory tone in the rACC.
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发表时间: 2006-01-01
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发表时间: 2014-06-01
影响因子: 4.2
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