From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges.
From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges.
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DOI：
10.3390/ph13120436
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发表时间：
2020-11-30
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bonnet CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malikidogo KP;Martin H;Bonnet CS
锌和铜是参与许多生物过程的必需阳离子，其浓度的变化可导致神经退行性疾病、糖尿病和癌症等疾病。因此，这些阳离子的检测和定量对于疾病的早期诊断至关重要。磁共振成像（MRI）响应性造影剂（主要是镧系元素（+III）络合物），依赖于与感兴趣的阳离子相互作用后MRI活性部分的状态变化，例如，开关ON/OFF或反之亦然已经成功地用于检测Zn 2+，现在正在开发用于检测Cu 2+。这些顺磁探针主要利用基于弛豫的特性（基于T1的造影剂），但也利用造影剂的顺磁诱导超精细位移特性（paraCEST和parasshift探针）。本文将强调和讨论从Zn 2+到Cu 2+检测所遇到的挑战，主要涉及探针对阳离子的选择性检测及其在生理相关浓度下的响应度。根据响应机制，使用快场循环MRI似乎有希望增加检测场，同时保持良好的响应。在体内应用的阳离子响应MRI探针只是在他们的婴儿期和最近的发展将被描述，沿着与相关的量化问题。在松弛剂的情况下，存在另一种局部定量方法，例如，需要同步加速器X射线荧光、单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）或正电子发射断层扫描（PET）技术或19 F MRI，每种技术都有其自身的优点和缺点。
Zinc and copper are essential cations involved in numerous biological processes, and variations in their concentrations can cause diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancers. Hence, detection and quantification of these cations are of utmost importance for the early diagnosis of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responsive contrast agents (mainly Lanthanide(+III) complexes), relying on a change in the state of the MRI active part upon interaction with the cation of interest, e.g., switch ON/OFF or vice versa, have been successfully utilized to detect Zn2+ and are now being developed to detect Cu2+. These paramagnetic probes mainly exploit the relaxation-based properties (T1-based contrast agents), but also the paramagnetic induced hyperfine shift properties (paraCEST and parashift probes) of the contrast agents. The challenges encountered going from Zn2+ to Cu2+ detection will be stressed and discussed herein, mainly involving the selectivity of the probes for the cation to detect and their responsivity at physiologically relevant concentrations. Depending on the response mechanism, the use of fast-field cycling MRI seems promising to increase the detection field while keeping a good response. In vivo applications of cation responsive MRI probes are only in their infancy and the recent developments will be described, along with the associated quantification problems. In the case of relaxation agents, the presence of another method of local quantification, e.g., synchrotron X-Ray fluorescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) techniques, or 19F MRI is required, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1177/1533317510382283
发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Dick, Robert