RalA suppresses early stages of Ras-induced squamous cell carcinoma progression.

RalA suppresses early stages of Ras-induced squamous cell carcinoma progression.
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DOI:
10.1038/onc.2009.307
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发表时间:
2010-01-07
期刊:
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Feig, L. A.
Feig, L. A.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sowalsky, A. G.;Alt-Holland, A.;Shamis, Y.;Garlick, J. A.;Feig, L. A.

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Ras 蛋白激活 Raf 和 PI-3 激酶,以及 RalA 和 RalB GTPases 的交换因子。之前的许多研究报告称,Ral 信号级联对 Ras 介导的肿瘤发生有积极贡献。在这里,我们利用 Ras 诱导的人类皮肤鳞状细胞癌早期步骤的生物工程组织模型,发现了相反的情况。 E-钙粘蛋白功能降低诱导的表达Ras的角质形成细胞从癌前状态向恶性状态的转变与这些细胞中shRNA表达的RalA表达降低相关,并且需要类似程度的RalA敲低。此外,在这些细胞中通过 shRNA 表达直接敲低 RalA 约 2-3 倍可降低 E-钙粘蛋白水平,并诱导进展为恶性表型。 Ral 效应子 Exo84 的敲除模拟了这些工程组织中 RalA 水平降低的效果。这些现象可以通过我们的发现来解释,即表达 Ras 的角质形成细胞中 E-钙粘蛋白的稳定性取决于这种 RalA 信号级联。这些结果表明,鳞状癌进展早期的一个重要组成部分可能是 RalA 基因表达的适度降低,通过促进 E-钙粘蛋白的降解,放大了 E-钙粘蛋白表达降低的影响。
Ras proteins activate Raf and PI-3 kinases, as well as exchange factors for RalA and RalB GTPases. Many previous studies have reported that the Ral signaling cascade contributes positively to Ras-mediated oncogenesis. Here, utilizing a bioengineered tissue model of early steps in Ras-induced human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, we found the opposite. Conversion of Ras-expressing keratinocytes from a premalignant to malignant state induced by decreasing E-cadherin function was associated with and required a knockdown of RalA to a similar degree by shRNA expression in these cells decrease in RalA expression. Moreover, direct ∼2-3 fold knockdown of RalA by shRNA expression in these cells reduced E-cadherin levels and also induced progression to a malignant phenotype. Knockdown of the Ral effector, Exo84, mimicked the effects of decreasing RalA levels in these engineered tissues. These phenomena can be explained by our finding that the stability of E-cadherin in Ras-expressing keratinocytes depends upon this RalA signaling cascade. These results imply that an important component of the early stages in squamous carcinoma progression may be a modest decrease in RalA gene expression that magnifies the effects of decreased E-cadherin expression by promoting its degradation.
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