A toxicologic review of quantum dots: toxicity depends on physicochemical and environmental factors.
A toxicologic review of quantum dots: toxicity depends on physicochemical and environmental factors.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.8284
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发表时间：
2006-02
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hardman R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardman R
作为一门不断发展的应用科学，纳米技术具有相当大的全球社会经济价值，纳米材料和工艺所带来的好处预计将对几乎所有行业和社会的所有领域产生重大影响。已经出现了各种各样的工程纳米级产品和工艺[例如，碳纳米管、富勒烯衍生物和量子点（QD）]，在诸如医学、塑料、能源、电子和航空航天等领域具有广泛的应用。到2012年，纳米技术经济的价值估计将达到1万亿美元，这些材料在社会中的流行程度将不断增加，接触的可能性也将增加。重要的是，纳米技术前沿的广阔和新奇使许多领域尚未探索或探索不足，例如暴露于新型纳米材料可能对人类健康产生的不利影响。正是在这种情况下，需要了解这些材料的潜在有害副作用变得清晰。综述的文献提出了几个关键点：并非所有的量子点都是一样的;工程量子点不能被认为是一组统一的物质。QD吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒性取决于源自固有理化性质和环境条件的多种因素; QD大小、电荷、浓度、外涂层生物活性（封端材料和官能团）以及氧化、光解和机械稳定性均被认为是QD毒性的决定因素。尽管量子点提供了潜在的宝贵社会效益，如药物靶向和体内生物医学成像，但在某些条件下，量子点也可能对人类健康和环境构成风险。
As a growing applied science, nanotechnology has considerable global socioeconomic value, and the benefits afforded by nanoscale materials and processes are expected to have significant impacts on almost all industries and all areas of society. A diverse array of engineered nanoscale products and processes have emerged [e.g., carbon nanotubes, fullerene derivatives, and quantum dots (QDs)], with widespread applications in fields such as medicine, plastics, energy, electronics, and aerospace. With the nanotechnology economy estimated to be valued at $1 trillion by 2012, the prevalence of these materials in society will be increasing, as will the likelihood of exposures. Importantly, the vastness and novelty of the nanotechnology frontier leave many areas unexplored, or underexplored, such as the potential adverse human health effects resulting from exposure to novel nanomaterials. It is within this context that the need for understanding the potentially harmful side effects of these materials becomes clear. The reviewed literature suggests several key points: Not all QDs are alike; engineered QDs cannot be considered a uniform group of substances. QD absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity depend on multiple factors derived from both inherent physicochemical properties and environmental conditions; QD size, charge, concentration, outer coating bioactivity (capping material and functional groups), and oxidative, photolytic, and mechanical stability have each been implicated as determining factors in QD toxicity. Although they offer potentially invaluable societal benefits such as drug targeting and in vivo biomedical imaging, QDs may also pose risks to human health and the environment under certain conditions.
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影响因子：
46.9
作者：
Lidke, DS;Nagy, P;Jovin, TM
通讯作者：
Jovin, TM
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.152463399
发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Åkerman, ME;Chan, WCW;Ruoslahti, E
通讯作者：
Ruoslahti, E
影响因子：
46.9
作者：
Colvin, VL
通讯作者：
Colvin, VL
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Kloepfer, JA;Mielke, RE;Nadeau, JL
通讯作者：
Nadeau, JL
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Larson, DR;Zipfel, WR;Webb, WW
通讯作者：
Webb, WW