Biomarkers of chronic fluoride exposure in groundwater in a highly exposed population.
Biomarkers of chronic fluoride exposure in groundwater in a highly exposed population.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.021
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发表时间：
2017-10-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tekle-Haimanot R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rango T;Vengosh A;Jeuland M;Whitford GM;Tekle-Haimanot R
本研究考察了暴露于饮用水中高氟水平的埃塞俄比亚裂谷人口中指甲剪报和尿液中的氟（F -）浓度与氟牙釉质中毒（EF）的发病率和严重程度之间的关系。指甲修剪作为F -暴露和EF的生物标志物的效用也首次在高F -区域进行了评估。本研究记录了386例（10 ~ 50岁）饮用F−浓度变化较大（0.6 ~ 15 mg/L）的自然污染地下水的EF状况。主要依赖地下水的社区居民指甲中的平均氟-浓度为5.1 mg/kg（范围：0.5-34 mg/kg），尿液中的平均氟-浓度为8.9 mg/L（范围：0.44-34 mg/L）。我们发现饮用水中的F -与12小时尿排泄（r = 0.74,p< 0.001, n = 287）、指甲中的F -含量（r = 0.6,p< 0.001, n = 258）以及使用Thylstrup和Fejerskov （TF）指数测量的EF严重程度的平均个体测量值（r = 0.42,p< 0.001, n = 316）之间存在很强的正相关。数据表明，指甲和尿液测量都是F−暴露和EF结果的良好生物标志物，后者略敏感。中度/重度氟中毒病例在年轻受试者（10至15岁）中明显比年龄较大的受试者（大多在25岁以下）更常见（p< 0.001），这与他们在儿童早期（牙釉质在生命中唯一有氟中毒风险的时期）更多地接触氟一致。在这一较年轻的人群中，EF可能是一种有用的生物标志物，用于识别依赖于特定易感性年龄窗口的个体的其他潜在健康影响。在该地区的水、指甲屑和尿液中发现异常高的F -浓度，应促使进一步调查其他潜在的健康后果，如骨病和神经和内分泌系统功能异常。
This study examined the relation between fluoride (F−) concentrations in fingernail clippings and urine and the prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis (EF) among Ethiopian Rift Valley populations exposed to high levels of F−in drinking water. The utility of fingernail clippings as a biomarker for F−exposure and EF was also assessed for the first time in a high-F−region. The study recorded the EF status of 386 individuals (10 to 50 years old), who consume naturally contaminated groundwater with widely varying F−concentration (0.6–15 mg/L). The mean F−concentrations among residents of communities with primary reliance on groundwater were 5.1 mg/kg (range: 0.5–34 mg/kg) in fingernails and 8.9 mg/L (range: 0.44–34 mg/L) in urine. We show strong positive correlations between F−in drinking water and 12-hour urinary excretion (r = 0.74,p< 0.001, n = 287), fingernail F−content (r = 0.6,p< 0.001, n = 258), and mean individual measures of EF severity as measured using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) Index (r = 0.42,p< 0.001, n = 316). The data indicate that both fingernail and urine measures are good biomarkers for F−exposure and EF outcomes, the latter being slightly more sensitive. Cases of moderate/severe EF were significantly more common among younger subjects (10 to 15 years old) than older subjects (mostly > 25 years old) (p< 0.001), consistent with their greater exposure to F−during early childhood, which is the only period of life the enamel is at risk of fluorosis. In this younger population, EF may be useful as a biomarker for identifying individuals with other potential health effects that depend on a specific age window of susceptibility. The finding of exceptionally high F−concentrations in water, fingernail clippings and urine in this region should motivate further investigations of other potential health consequences such as bone disease and abnormalities in the function of the neurological and endocrine systems.
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