Optimization of gelatin-alginate composite bioink printability using rheological parameters: a systematic approach.
Optimization of gelatin-alginate composite bioink printability using rheological parameters: a systematic approach.
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DOI：
10.1088/1758-5090/aacdc7
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发表时间：
2018-06-29
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Lee SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao T;Gillispie GJ;Copus JS;Pr AK;Seol YJ;Atala A;Yoo JJ;Lee SJ
三维（3D）生物打印已经成为一种有前途的技术，在组织工程应用中，通过精确的沉积细胞和生物材料，在一个逐层的方式。然而，水凝胶生物墨水的有限可用性经常被认为是基于细胞的挤出生物打印技术进步的主要问题。众所周知，高粘性材料更好地保持其结构，但由于挤出所需的更高的力，也具有降低的细胞活力。然而，关于粘弹性材料的动态模量的两个不同分量（储能模量（G′）和损耗模量（G″））对基于水凝胶的生物油墨的可印刷性的影响知之甚少。此外，文献中对“可印刷性”的定义很差，主要由不允许直接比较生物油墨的总体定性测量组成。本研究建立了一个评价印刷适性的框架，并研究了动态模量，包括储能模量（G′），损耗模量（G″）和损耗角正切（G″/G′）对印刷结果的影响。明胶和藻酸盐作为模型水凝胶以各种浓度混合，以获得具有宽范围的存储和损耗模量的水凝胶制剂。然后评价这些制剂的可挤出性、挤出均匀性和结构完整性的定量定义值。对于可挤出性，增加损耗模量或储能模量增加了挤出生物墨水所需的压力。在此基础上建立了G′和G″与所需挤压力的数学模型。较低的损耗角正切与增加的结构完整性相关，而较高的损耗角正切与增加的挤出均匀性相关。明胶-藻酸盐复合水凝胶的损耗角正切在0.25至0.45的范围内表现出优异的结构完整性和挤出均匀性之间的折衷。除了对一种常见的生物油墨进行表征外，本文介绍的方法还可用于评估未来其他生物油墨的适印性。
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising technique in tissue engineering applications through the precise deposition of cells and biomaterials in a layer-by-layer fashion. However, the limited availability of hydrogel bioinks is frequently cited as a major issue for the advancement of cell-based extrusion bioprinting technologies. It is well known that highly viscous materials maintain their structure better, but also have decreased cell viability due to the higher forces which are required for extrusion. However, little is known about the effect of the two distinct components of dynamic modulus of viscoelastic materials, storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″), on the printability of hydrogel-based bioinks. Additionally, “printability” has been poorly defined in the literature, mostly consisting of gross qualitative measures which do not allow for direct comparison of bioinks. This study developed a framework for evaluating printability and investigated the effect of dynamic modulus, including storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and loss tangent (G″/G′) on the printing outcome. Gelatin and alginate as model hydrogels were mixed at various concentrations to obtain hydrogel formulations with a wide range of storage and loss moduli. These formulations were then evaluated for the quantitatively defined values of extrudability, extrusion uniformity, and structural integrity. For extrudability, increasing either the loss or storage modulus increased the pressure required to extrude the bioink. A mathematical model relating the G′ and G″ to the required extrusion pressure was derived based on the data. A lower loss tangent was correlated with increased structural integrity while a higher loss tangent correlated with increased extrusion uniformity. Gelatin-alginate composite hydrogels with a loss tangent in the range of 0.25 to 0.45 exhibited an excellent compromise between structural integrity and extrusion uniformity. In addition to the characterization of a common bioink, the methodology introduced in this paper could also be used to evaluate the printability of other bioinks in the future.
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