Effect of menthol on nicotine reduction: Pooled results from two double-blind randomized controlled trials.
Effect of menthol on nicotine reduction: Pooled results from two double-blind randomized controlled trials.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.019
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发表时间：
2022-10-15
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
薄荷脑上调烟碱乙酰胆碱受体，与烟草依赖有关。当吸烟时，薄荷醇的影响具有高达98%的不同低尼古丁含量（例如，非成瘾性）低于市售香烟的特性还不清楚。美国食品和药物管理局正在考虑两项烟草产品标准，包括禁止薄荷醇和减少尼古丁含量。这些新标准有可能通过限制尼古丁和薄荷醇对大脑的机械作用来显着减少吸烟的开始和维持。我们进行了两项平行随机临床试验，在18周内将香烟中的尼古丁从11.6 mg逐渐减少到0.2 mg尼古丁/支（极低尼古丁含量; VLNC）与普通尼古丁含量（11.6 mg; 100）在吸烟的低社会经济地位（SES）和心理健康状况的人群中进行。与尼古丁治疗相比，VLNC与可替宁、每日吸烟量、过期一氧化碳水平、尼古丁依赖和吸烟学显著降低相关。这些相关性在薄荷醇和非薄荷醇香烟之间没有差异，除了在SES试验中吸薄荷醇香烟的人可替宁减少较少。在逐步减少尼古丁组中，吸非薄荷醇香烟的人与吸薄荷醇香烟的人坚持仅使用VLNC研究香烟的合并比值比为2.6（95% CI：1.0，6.4; p值：0.04）。当尼古丁降低到非成瘾水平时，结果表明薄荷醇对吸烟成瘾者维持尼古丁摄入量的需要具有独立影响。
Menthol upregulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and is associated with tobacco dependence. The effects of menthol when smoking cigarettes with varying low nicotine content up to 98% (e.g., non-addicting) less than commercial cigarettes is not well understood. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering two tobacco product standards in cigarettes including banning menthol and reducing nicotine content. These new standards have the potential to significantly reduce smoking initiation and maintenance by limiting the mechanistic effects of nicotine and menthol on the brain. We conducted two parallel randomized clinical trials of gradually reduced nicotine in cigarettes from 11.6 mg down to 0.2 mg nicotine/cigarette (very low nicotine content; VLNC) vs. usual nicotine content (11.6mg; UNC) over an 18-week period in people who smoke cigarettes with low socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health conditions. Compared to UNC, VLNC was associated with significant reductions in cotinine, cigarettes per day, expired carbon monoxide levels, nicotine dependence and symptomology. These associations did not differ between menthol and non-menthol cigarettes, except people who smoke menthol cigarettes had less of a cotinine reduction in the SES trial. The pooled odds ratio of being adherent with using only VLNC study cigarettes in the gradual nicotine reduction arm for people who smoke non-menthol vs. menthol cigarettes was 2.6 (95% CI:1.0, 6.4; p-value: 0.04). When nicotine is lowered to non-addicting levels, the results indicate an independent effect of menthol on the need to sustain nicotine intake in addicted people who smoke cigarettes.
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Fowler CD;Arends MA;Kenny PJ
通讯作者：
Kenny PJ
一项两臂，两臂，34周，双盲，平行组，随机对照试验，是烟气和/或焦虑症的吸烟者中尼古丁香烟减少的试验：试验设计和方案。
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Allen SI;Foulds J;Pachas GN;Veldheer S;Cather C;Azzouz N;Hrabovsky S;Hameed A;Yingst J;Hammett E;Modesto J;Krebs NM;Zhu J;Liao J;Muscat JE;Richie J;Evins AE
通讯作者：
Evins AE
DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0644
发表时间：
2012-05
期刊：
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benowitz NL;Dains KM;Hall SM;Stewart S;Wilson M;Dempsey D;Jacob P 3rd
通讯作者：
Jacob P 3rd
影响因子：
6
作者：
Hatsukami, Dorothy K.;Kotlyar, Michael;Hecht, Stephen S.
通讯作者：
Hecht, Stephen S.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Hammond, David;O'Connor, Richard J.
通讯作者：
O'Connor, Richard J.