Pathogens transmitted in animal feces in low- and middle-income countries.
Pathogens transmitted in animal feces in low- and middle-income countries.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.03.005
复制
发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Levy K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delahoy MJ;Wodnik B;McAliley L;Penakalapati G;Swarthout J;Freeman MC;Levy K
我们回顾了低收入/中等收入国家动物粪便中传播的病原体。五种最受关注的病原体每年造成约100万人死亡。与动物粪便接触造成的死亡比例仍然未知。这一审查可以帮助优先考虑动物粪便控制的干预措施和区域。在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）中发现的与人类密切相关的动物携带许多能够感染人类的病原体，这些病原体可通过粪便传播。与动物粪便接触对人类健康造成了目前无法量化的风险，尽管可能是实质性的风险。在LMIC环境中，人类暴露于动物粪便可能解释了最近的水，环境卫生和个人卫生干预措施的有限成功，这些干预措施侧重于限制暴露于人类排泄物，较少关注包含动物粪便。我们进行了一项审查，以确定可能通过在LMIC国内环境中的动物粪便中传播而对全球人类疾病负担产生重大影响的病原体。在考虑的65种潜在致病微生物中，根据疾病负担和人畜共患病传播的可能性，15种被认为是相关的。其中，5种被认为是最值得关注的，因为它们在动物粪便中的传播可能很重要：弯曲杆菌、非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）、拉沙病毒、隐孢子虫和刚地弓形虫。其中大多数有广泛的动物宿主，除了拉沙病毒，它是通过撒哈拉以南非洲的本土老鼠的粪便传播的。这五种病原体每年造成近100万人死亡。这些死亡中有一半以上归因于侵入性NTS。我们没有估计LMIC中动物粪便管理不当造成的总体疾病负担，因为尚不清楚这些病原体引起的疾病中有多大比例可归因于接触动物粪便。在公共卫生和发展中推广的典型水量、水质和洗手干预措施解决了人类和动物粪便的传播途径;然而，卫生干预措施通常侧重于控制人类粪便，往往忽视了通过动物粪便传播的病原体造成的疾病残余负担。本综述汇编了哪些病原体可能通过动物粪便传播而导致疾病负担的证据;这些数据将有助于优先考虑干预类型和地区，这些干预类型和地区可能最受益于旨在减少人类与动物粪便接触的干预措施。
We reviewed pathogens transmitted in animal feces in low-/middle-income countries. Five pathogens of highest concern cause approximately one million annual deaths. The proportion of deaths attributable to contact with animal feces remains unknown. This review can help prioritize interventions and regions for animal feces control. Animals found in close proximity to humans in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) harbor many pathogens capable of infecting humans, transmissible via their feces. Contact with animal feces poses a currently unquantified—though likely substantial—risk to human health. In LMIC settings, human exposure to animal feces may explain some of the limited success of recent water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions that have focused on limiting exposure to human excreta, with less attention to containing animal feces. We conducted a review to identify pathogens that may substantially contribute to the global burden of disease in humans through their spread in animal feces in the domestic environment in LMICs. Of the 65 potentially pathogenic organisms considered, 15 were deemed relevant, based on burden of disease and potential for zoonotic transmission. Of these, five were considered of highest concern based on a substantial burden of disease for which transmission in animal feces is potentially important: Campylobacter, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Lassa virus, Cryptosporidium, and Toxoplasma gondii. Most of these have a wide range of animal hosts, except Lassa virus, which is spread through the feces of rats indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. Combined, these five pathogens cause close to one million deaths annually. More than half of these deaths are attributed to invasive NTS. We do not estimate an overall burden of disease from improperly managed animal feces in LMICs, because it is unknown what proportion of illnesses caused by these pathogens can be attributed to contact with animal feces. Typical water quantity, water quality, and handwashing interventions promoted in public health and development address transmission routes for both human and animal feces; however, sanitation interventions typically focus on containing human waste, often neglecting the residual burden of disease from pathogens transmitted via animal feces. This review compiles evidence on which pathogens may contribute to the burden of disease through transmission in animal feces; these data will help prioritize intervention types and regions that could most benefit from interventions aimed at reducing human contact with animal feces.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Anuar TS;Azreen SN;Salleh FM;Moktar N
通讯作者：
Moktar N
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.16-0675
发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bonwitt J;Sáez AM;Lamin J;Ansumana R;Dawson M;Buanie J;Lamin J;Sondufu D;Borchert M;Sahr F;Fichet-Calvet E;Brown H
通讯作者：
Brown H
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Acosta, Angel Mendez;Chavez, Cesar Banda;Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar
通讯作者：
Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Batz, Michael B.;Henke, Evan;Kowalcyk, Barbara
通讯作者：
Kowalcyk, Barbara
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
BAQUI, AH;SACK, RB;SIDDIQUE, AK
通讯作者：
SIDDIQUE, AK