What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations.
What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations.
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DOI：
10.1177/1747021820970744
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Logie RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaroslawska AJ;Rhodes S;Belletier C;Doherty JM;Cowan N;Neveh-Benjamin M;Barrouillet P;Camos V;Logie RH
虽然有证据表明，在工作记忆中，同时处理对信息存储的需求对老年人的影响不成比例地大于年轻人，但并非所有研究都表明这种与年龄有关的损害，而且造成这种损害的关键因素仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们评估是否存储和处理活动之间的域重叠，并获得语义表示，是重要的决定因素的性能在一个样本的年轻人和老年人（N = 119）。我们开发了四个版本的处理任务，通过操纵所涉及的刺激类型（无论是口头或非口头）和参与者必须对屏幕上呈现的刺激做出的决定。参与者必须进行空间判断，以决定是否口头或非口头项目是在屏幕中心的上方或下方，或语义判断，以决定刺激是否指的是活的或不活的东西。记忆任务是视觉呈现的字母的连续有序回忆。研究显示，当需要同时处理时，与年龄相关的记忆差异会大幅增加。当储存和加工活动都使用口头材料时，这些差异较小。对于老年人来说，双重任务对处理的影响也不成比例。年龄差异的处理性能出现较大的任务，需要空间的决定，而不是语义的决定。我们讨论了这些发现的工作记忆和认知老化的现存文献的三个竞争框架。
Although there is evidence that the effect of including a concurrent processing demand on the storage of information in working memory is disproportionately larger for older than younger adults, not all studies show this age-related impairment, and the critical factors responsible for any such impairment remain elusive. Here we assess whether domain overlap between storage and processing activities, and access to semantic representations, are important determinants of performance in a sample of younger and older adults (N = 119). We developed four versions of a processing task by manipulating the type of stimuli involved (either verbal or non-verbal) and the decision that participants had to make about the stimuli presented on the screen. Participants either had to perform a spatial judgement, in deciding whether the verbal or non-verbal item was presented above or below the centre of the screen, or a semantic judgement, in deciding whether the stimulus refers to something living or not living. The memory task was serial-ordered recall of visually presented letters. The study revealed a large increase in age-related memory differences when concurrent processing was required. These differences were smaller when storage and processing activities both used verbal materials. Dual-task effects on processing were also disproportionate for older adults. Age differences in processing performance appeared larger for tasks requiring spatial decisions rather than semantic decisions. We discuss these findings in relation to three competing frameworks of working memory and the extant literature on cognitive ageing.
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DOI：
10.1080/17470210802453977
发表时间：
2009-07
期刊：
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
Cowan N
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.plm.2017.03.005
发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION, VOL 67
影响因子：
--
作者：
Camos, Valerie
通讯作者：
Camos, Valerie
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Barrouillet, Pierre;Portrat, Sophie;Camos, Valerie
通讯作者：
Camos, Valerie