Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals.
Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11259-008-9070-x
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发表时间：
2009-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Malik SV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhama K;Chauhan RS;Mahendran M;Malik SV
轮状病毒腹泻是发展中国家数百万儿童死亡的主要原因，此外，轮状病毒腹泻还会给许多家畜的新生儿造成重大经济疾病。在新生儿中，感染是非病毒性的，潜伏期很短，表现为大量腹泻和严重脱水。合并继发性病原体感染可能会增加疾病的严重性。腹泻的发生是由于病毒介导的有效吸收的肠细胞的破坏，肠道神经系统的激活，或由于轮状病毒肠毒素。感染的诊断依赖于常规技术，如MA 104细胞系分离、电子显微镜、电泳法和各种血清学测试。目前，诊断和分子分型是使用血清型特异性RT-PCR、测序或基因组杂交技术进行的。众所周知，轮状病毒表现出极端的遗传多样性和优于消毒程序，因此根除这种病原体往往是困难的。因此，在预防方面，必须实行良好的管理做法，并为大坝接种疫苗以保护幼崽。近年来，包括DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒样颗粒(VLP)和可食用疫苗在内的新一代预防策略被发现能够诱导足够水平的被动免疫。除了对动物的感染外，动物轮状病毒在人畜共患病方面的意义还有待进一步挖掘。本文综述了轮状病毒在牛中的重要性和流行情况，轮状病毒的发病机制和预防措施，轮状病毒的主要特征及其跨物种传播能力，人畜共患病的影响，以及在各种家畜和家禽中的感染情况。
Rotavirus diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. In neonates, the infection is non-viremic, have very short incubation period, and manifests profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration. Concurrent infection with secondary pathogens may augment the disease severity. Diarrhea occurs due to virus-mediated destruction of absorption efficient enterocytes, activation of enteric nervous system, or due to a rotavirus enterotoxin. Diagnosis of the infection relies on conventional techniques like isolation in MA 104 cell lines, electron microscopy, electro-pherotyping, and various serological tests. Presently, diagnosis and molecular typing is performed using serotype specific RT-PCR, sequencing or genomic hybridization techniques. As the rotaviruses are known to exhibit extreme genetic diversity and outplay disinfection procedures, eradication of the pathogen is often difficult. Hence, for prevention, good management practices coupled with vaccination of dam for protecting young ones, has to be practiced. Recently, new generation prophylactic strategies including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) and edible vaccines have been found to induce sufficient levels of passive immunity. Aside to the infection in animals, zoonotic significance of the animal rotaviruses has to be further unearthed. In this review, efforts have been made to highlight the importance and prevalence of the disease in bovines, its pathogenesis along with preventive measures, salient features of rotaviruses and their inter-species transmission abilities, zoonotic implications, and a concise account of the infection in various domestic animals and poultry.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Alfieri AA;Parazzi ME;Takiuchi E;Médici KC;Alfieri AF
通讯作者：
Alfieri AF
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Alferi, AF;Alfieri, AA;Richtzenhain, LJ
通讯作者：
Richtzenhain, LJ
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
CHASEY, D;BANKS, J
通讯作者：
BANKS, J
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Blutt, Sarah E.;Conner, Margaret E.
通讯作者：
Conner, Margaret E.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Aich, Palok;Wilson, Heather L.;Griebel, Philip
通讯作者：
Griebel, Philip