Developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of human cortical circuits.

Developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of human cortical circuits.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41583-023-00675-z
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发表时间:
2023-04
期刊:
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
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其他
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现代人的大脑已经进化出非凡的计算能力,使更高的认知功能成为可能。这些能力与大脑皮层大小和连接性的增加密切相关,这被认为是皮质发育机制进化变化的结果。进化基因组学、发育生物学和神经科学的融合进展最近使人们能够识别作为人类特有的皮质发育修饰物的基因组变化。这些修饰物影响皮质新生的大部分方面,从皮质神经发生的时间和复杂性到突触新生和皮质回路的组装。人类特有的皮质生成基因修饰物的突变已经开始与神经发育障碍联系在一起,为它们的生理相关性提供了证据,并表明了人类大脑的进化与其对特定疾病的敏感性之间的潜在关系。
The brain of modern humans has evolved remarkable computational abilities that enable higher cognitive functions. These capacities are tightly linked to an increase in the size and connectivity of the cerebral cortex, which is thought to have resulted from evolutionary changes in the mechanisms of cortical development. Convergent progress in evolutionary genomics, developmental biology and neuroscience has recently enabled the identification of genomic changes that act as human-specific modifiers of cortical development. These modifiers influence most aspects of corticogenesis, from the timing and complexity of cortical neurogenesis to synaptogenesis and the assembly of cortical circuits. Mutations of human-specific genetic modifiers of corticogenesis have started to be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, providing evidence for their physiological relevance and suggesting potential relationships between the evolution of the human brain and its sensitivity to specific diseases.
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