Effect of on-farm use of antimicrobial drugs on resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of preweaned dairy calves.
Effect of on-farm use of antimicrobial drugs on resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of preweaned dairy calves.
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2014-8521
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Warnick LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pereira RV;Siler JD;Ng JC;Davis MA;Grohn YT;Warnick LD
呼吸道疾病和腹泻是导致断奶前犊牛使用抗菌药物的2种最常见疾病。由于在食用动物（包括奶牛）中使用药物有可能对人类医学中使用的药物产生交叉耐药性，因此必须提出促进明智使用抗菌剂的农场实践，同时确保动物健康和生产力。本研究的目的是使用奶牛场小牛治疗记录，以确定小牛的抗菌药物治疗，并评估其对断奶前奶牛直肠拭子中耐药性大肠杆菌患病率的影响。来自纽约中部的8个农场参与了本研究，3个农场使用单独畜栏管理，5个农场使用组畜栏管理。合格的研究农场不能向饲喂断奶前小牛的乳汁中添加抗菌药物，并要求有农场记录，记录小牛从出生到断奶的抗菌药物治疗。三个粪便E.采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法检测每头小牛的大肠杆菌分离株对12种抗菌药物的敏感性。共采集犊牛473头，其中E.大肠杆菌分离株进行了测试。在研究农场使用的9种抗菌药物中，只有恩诺沙星与E.大肠杆菌分离株，尽管头孢噻呋治疗与头孢曲松敏感性降低相关。从头孢噻呋和恩诺沙星给药至小牛直肠拭子采样的中位天数分别为16天（范围：1-39）和12天（范围：6-44）。在分离株水平，恩诺沙星治疗导致分离非敏感性大肠杆菌的优势比分别为2 [95%置信区间（CI）：1-4]和3（95% CI：2-6）。与未用恩诺沙星处理的小牛相比，大肠杆菌对萘啶酸和环丙沙星的耐受性。头孢噻呋治疗导致分离出不敏感大肠埃希菌的比值比为3（95% CI：0.9-12）。与未用头孢噻呋处理的小牛相比，大肠杆菌对头孢曲松的耐受性。用恩诺沙星治疗导致选择对环丙沙星和头孢曲松呈现表型抗性的分离株。与未接受头孢噻呋治疗（73%）相比，头孢噻呋治疗导致分离株对≥3种抗菌药物耐药的发生率更高（97%）。这些发现加强了在奶牛场继续实施支持可持续和明智地使用抗菌药物的做法的必要性。
Respiratory disease and diarrhea are the 2 most common diseases that result in the use of antimicrobial drugs in preweaned calves. Because the use of drugs in food animals, including dairy calves, has the potential for generating cross-resistance to drugs used in human medicine, it is vital to propose farm practices that foster the judicious use of antimicrobials while assuring animal health and productivity. The objective of this study was to use dairy farm calf treatment records to identify antimicrobial drug treatments in calves and to evaluate their effects on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from rectal swabs of preweaned dairy calves. Eight farms from central New York participated in the study, 3 farms using individual pen housing management and 5 farms using group pen housing management. Eligible study farms could not add antimicrobial drugs to the milk fed to preweaned calves and were required to have farm records documenting antimicrobial drug treatment of calves from birth to weaning. Three fecal E. coli isolates per calf were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial drugs using a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. A total of 473 calves were sampled, from which 1,423 commensal E. coli isolates were tested. Of the 9 antimicrobial drugs used on study farms, only enrofloxacin was significantly associated with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates, although treatment with ceftiofur was associated with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone. The median numbers of days from treatment with ceftiofur and enrofloxacin to rectal swab sampling of calves were 16 d (range: 1–39) and 12 d (range: 6–44), respectively. At the isolate level, treatment with enrofloxacin resulted in odds ratios of 2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1–4] and 3 (95% CI: 2–6), respectively, for isolation of nonsusceptible E. coli to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin compared with calves not treated with enrofloxacin. Treatment with ceftiofur resulted in an odds ratio of 3 (95% CI: 0.9–12) for isolation of nonsusceptible E. coli to ceftriaxone compared with calves not treated with ceftiofur. Treatment with enrofloxacin resulted in selection of isolates that presented phenotypic resistance to both ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Treatment with ceftiofur resulted in a higher prevalence of isolates resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial drugs (97%) compared with no treatment with ceftiofur (73%). These findings reinforce the necessity for continued implementation of practices at the dairy farm that support the sustainable and judicious use of antimicrobial drugs in dairy calves.
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DOI：
10.1038/nri3535
发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
Nature reviews. Immunology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Chung H;Pamp SJ;Hill JA;Surana NK;Edelman SM;Troy EB;Reading NC;Villablanca EJ;Wang S;Mora JR;Umesaki Y;Mathis D;Benoist C;Relman DA;Kasper DL
通讯作者：
Kasper DL
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Guo YF;Zhang WH;Ren SQ;Yang L;Lü DH;Zeng ZL;Liu YH;Jiang HX
通讯作者：
Jiang HX
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Berge, ACB;Atwill, ER;Sischo, WM
通讯作者：
Sischo, WM
DOI：
10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00107-9
发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
10.8
作者：
Kronvall, G
通讯作者：
Kronvall, G