Intranasal Oxytocin Treatment Increases Eye-Gaze Behavior toward the Owner in Ancient Japanese Dog Breeds.
Intranasal Oxytocin Treatment Increases Eye-Gaze Behavior toward the Owner in Ancient Japanese Dog Breeds.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01624
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kikusui T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagasawa M;Ogawa M;Mogi K;Kikusui T
狗在驯化过程中获得了独特的认知能力，这被认为是人狗关系形成的原因。在欧洲品种中，而不是狼，狗的凝视行为在与人类的亲密互动中起着重要作用，并刺激人类和狗的催产素分泌，这表明这种物种间的催产素和凝视介导的结合也是在驯化过程中获得的。在这项研究中，我们调查了日本品种是否通过凝视行为与主人建立联系，这些品种被归类为古老品种，在基因上与狼相对接近。在行为测试开始前，实验犬接受了催产素或生理盐水的治疗。我们还通过分析狗和主人的心率变异性（HRV）和随后的尿催产素水平，评估了主人在相互凝视时的生理变化。我们发现，催产素治疗增强了日本狗的凝视行为，并增加了它们主人尿液中的催产素水平，这在欧洲品种中得到了证实；然而，测量的皮肤接触时间和与主人的接近程度相对较低。在主人HRV读数中，与生理盐水相比，催产素治疗犬的心跳间期（R-R）间隔（RRI）、正常到正常心跳间期（R-R）间隔（SDNN）的标准差和连续心跳间隔差（RMSSD）的均方根均较低。此外，雌性狗的主人比雄性狗的主人表现出更低的SDNN。这些结果表明，日本雌性狗的主人在互动中表现出更多的紧张，除了凝视行为，狗在与人类的互动中也可能表现出性别差异。他们还认为，日本狗和欧洲狗一样，把凝视作为对人类的一种依恋行为；然而，当谈到主人的催产素分泌时，不同性别的狗存在差异。日本狗也表现出与欧洲品种和狼不同的依恋行为，在形成人狗关系时，它们可能会使用额外的策略来代替凝视。
Dogs acquired unique cognitive abilities during domestication, which is thought to have contributed to the formation of the human-dog bond. In European breeds, but not in wolves, a dog’s gazing behavior plays an important role in affiliative interactions with humans and stimulates oxytocin secretion in both humans and dogs, which suggests that this interspecies oxytocin and gaze-mediated bonding was also acquired during domestication. In this study, we investigated whether Japanese breeds, which are classified as ancient breeds and are relatively close to wolves genetically, establish a bond with their owners through gazing behavior. The subject dogs were treated with either oxytocin or saline before the starting of the behavioral testing. We also evaluated physiological changes in the owners during mutual gazing by analyzing their heart rate variability (HRV) and subsequent urinary oxytocin levels in both dogs and their owners. We found that oxytocin treatment enhanced the gazing behavior of Japanese dogs and increased their owners’ urinary oxytocin levels, as was seen with European breeds; however, the measured durations of skin contact and proximity to their owners were relatively low. In the owners’ HRV readings, inter-beat (R-R) intervals (RRI), the standard deviation of normal to normal inter-beat (R-R) intervals (SDNN), and the root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences (RMSSD) were lower when the dogs were treated with oxytocin compared with saline. Furthermore, the owners of female dogs showed lower SDNN than the owners of male dogs. These results suggest that the owners of female Japanese dogs exhibit more tension during interactions, and apart from gazing behavior, the dogs may show sex differences in their interactions with humans as well. They also suggest that Japanese dogs use eye-gazing as an attachment behavior toward humans similar to European breeds; however, there is a disparity between the dog sexes when it comes to the owners’ oxytocin secretion. Japanese dogs also showed different attachment behaviors from both European breeds and wolves, and they likely use additional strategies to substitute gaze when forming the human–dog bond.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Rilling, James K.;DeMarco, Ashley C.;Hackett, Patrick D.;Chen, Xu;Gautam, Pritam;Stair, Sabrina;Haroon, Ebrahim;Thompson, Richmond;Ditzen, Beate;Patel, Rajan;Pagnoni, Giuseppe
通讯作者：
Pagnoni, Giuseppe
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Miklósi, A;Kubinyi, E;Csányi, V
通讯作者：
Csányi, V
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
D'Aniello, Biagio;Scandurra, Anna
通讯作者：
Scandurra, Anna
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Norman, Greg J.;Cacioppo, John T.;DeVries, A. Courtney
通讯作者：
DeVries, A. Courtney
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Polheber, John P.;Matchock, Robert L.
通讯作者：
Matchock, Robert L.