The ecology of immune state in a wild mammal, Mus musculus domesticus.
The ecology of immune state in a wild mammal, Mus musculus domesticus.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.2003538
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Viney M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abolins S;Lazarou L;Weldon L;Hughes L;King EC;Drescher P;Pocock MJO;Hafalla JCR;Riley EM;Viney M
野生动物的免疫状态在很大程度上是未知的。了解这一点及其影响因素对于了解感染和疾病如何影响野生动物非常重要。野生动物的免疫状态对于了解其病原体的生物学特性也很重要，这与解释病原体在物种之间（包括对人类）的溢出直接相关。野生动物免疫状态知识的匮乏与我们对实验动物免疫生物学的细致了解形成鲜明对比。产生免疫反应是昂贵的，许多因素（如年龄、性别、感染状况和身体状况）分别被证明限制或促进免疫反应。但是，这些因素是否影响野生动物的免疫反应和免疫状态，它们的相对重要性，以及它们如何相互作用（或不相互作用）是未知的。在这里，我们研究了野生家鼠的免疫生态-与实验室小鼠相同的物种-作为野生哺乳动物的一个例子，表征了它们的适应性体液，适应性细胞和先天免疫状态。首先，我们展示了免疫变异是如何在小鼠种群中结构的，发现相邻种群之间可能存在广泛的免疫不一致。其次，我们确定了导致小鼠免疫差异的主要因素，表明身体状况促进和年龄限制个体的免疫状态，而微寄生虫感染和季节等因素相对不重要。通过将多因子分析应用于免疫系统分析，我们的结果为野生哺乳动物的免疫生物学带来了新的统一的理解。野生动物的免疫状态以及影响这种状态的因素在很大程度上是未知的。了解这一点对于了解感染和疾病如何影响野生动物及其病原体的生物学非常重要。野生动物免疫状态知识的匮乏与我们对实验动物免疫生物学的细致了解形成鲜明对比。在这里，我们研究了野生家鼠（与实验室小鼠相同的物种）的免疫生态，描述了它们的适应性体液、适应性细胞和先天免疫状态。首先，我们研究了小鼠种群之间的免疫变异是如何结构的，发现相邻种群之间可能存在广泛的免疫不一致。其次，我们确定了小鼠之间免疫差异的主要因素，表明身体状况促进和年龄限制个体的免疫状态。通过将多因子分析应用于免疫系统分析，我们的结果为野生哺乳动物的免疫生物学带来了新的统一的理解。
The immune state of wild animals is largely unknown. Knowing this and what affects it is important in understanding how infection and disease affects wild animals. The immune state of wild animals is also important in understanding the biology of their pathogens, which is directly relevant to explaining pathogen spillover among species, including to humans. The paucity of knowledge about wild animals' immune state is in stark contrast to our exquisitely detailed understanding of the immunobiology of laboratory animals. Making an immune response is costly, and many factors (such as age, sex, infection status, and body condition) have individually been shown to constrain or promote immune responses. But, whether or not these factors affect immune responses and immune state in wild animals, their relative importance, and how they interact (or do not) are unknown. Here, we have investigated the immune ecology of wild house mice—the same species as the laboratory mouse—as an example of a wild mammal, characterising their adaptive humoral, adaptive cellular, and innate immune state. Firstly, we show how immune variation is structured among mouse populations, finding that there can be extensive immune discordance among neighbouring populations. Secondly, we identify the principal factors that underlie the immunological differences among mice, showing that body condition promotes and age constrains individuals’ immune state, while factors such as microparasite infection and season are comparatively unimportant. By applying a multifactorial analysis to an immune system-wide analysis, our results bring a new and unified understanding of the immunobiology of a wild mammal. The immune state of wild animals—and the factors that affect this—is largely unknown. Knowing this is important in understanding how infection and disease affects wild animals, and the biology of their pathogens. The paucity of knowledge about wild animals' immune state is in stark contrast to our exquisitely detailed understanding of the immunobiology of laboratory animals. Here, we have investigated the immune ecology of wild house mice—the same species as the laboratory mouse—characterising their adaptive humoral, adaptive cellular, and innate immune state. Firstly, we investigated how immune variation is structured among mouse populations, finding that there can be extensive immune discordance among neighbouring populations. Secondly, we identified the principal factors that underlie the immunological differences among mice, showing that body condition promotes and age constrains individuals’ immune state. By applying a multifactorial analysis to an immune system-wide analysis, our results bring a new and unified understanding of the immunobiology of a wild mammal.
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