Systemic and rapid restructuring of the genome: a new perspective on punctuated equilibrium.
Systemic and rapid restructuring of the genome: a new perspective on punctuated equilibrium.
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基因组的系统和快速重组：间断平衡的新视角。
DOI：
10.1007/s00294-020-01119-2
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Argueso JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heasley LR;Sampaio NMV;Argueso JL
细胞获得突变的速率和模式深刻地塑造了它们的进化轨迹和表型潜力。传统模型认为，突变是在许多连续的世代中独立获得的。然而，最近的证据表明，细胞也可以经历驱动快速基因组进化的诱变过程。其中一个过程表现为基因组不稳定的间断爆发，在基因组不稳定的短暂事件中同时获得多个新的突变。这种突变模式让人想起斯蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德（Stephen Jay Gould）和奈尔斯·埃尔德雷奇（Niles Eldredge）在1972年提出的间断平衡理论，用来解释化石记录中新物种的突然出现。在这篇综述中，我们调查了真核生物基因组进化的主流和新兴理论，特别关注越来越多的工作，证实了基因组不稳定性间断爆发的存在和重要性。此外，我们总结并讨论了本课组最近的两项研究，结果表明间断爆发系统基因组不稳定性（SGI）可以快速重新配置酿酒酵母的二倍体基因组结构。
The rates and patterns by which cells acquire mutations profoundly shape their evolutionary trajectories and phenotypic potential. Conventional models maintain that mutations are independently acquired over many successive generations. Yet, recent evidence suggests that cells can also experience mutagenic processes that drive rapid genome evolution. One such process manifests as punctuated bursts of genomic instability, in which multiple new mutations are acquired simultaneously during transient episodes of genomic instability. This mutational mode is reminiscent of the theory of punctuated equilibrium, proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge in 1972 to explain the burst-like appearance of new species in the fossil record. In this review, we survey the dominant and emerging theories of eukaryotic genome evolution with a particular focus on the growing body of work that substantiates the existence and importance of punctuated bursts of genomic instability. In addition, we summarize and discuss two recent studies from our own group, the results of which indicate that punctuated bursts systemic genomic instability (SGI) can rapidly reconfigure the structure of the diploid genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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