Cross-modal functional connectivity supports speech understanding in cochlear implant users.

Cross-modal functional connectivity supports speech understanding in cochlear implant users.
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DOI:
10.1093/cercor/bhac277
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发表时间:
2023-03-21
期刊:
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
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其他
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感觉剥夺可导致皮层的跨模态变化,因此被剥夺输入的感觉脑区可能被招募来执行非典型功能。在语言失聪的人工耳蜗(CI)使用者的听觉皮层中观察到视觉刺激增强的跨模态反应,假设反映了皮层语言区域激活的增加,但尚不清楚这种跨模态活动对于言语理解是“适应性”还是“不良适应性”。为了确定语言区激活的增加是否与CI使用者更好的言语理解相关,我们评估了CI使用者(n = 14)和正常听力听者(n = 17)的听觉和视觉皮层对听觉和视觉言语和非言语刺激的任务相关激活和功能连接,并使用功能近红外光谱测量血流动力学反应。我们使用视觉呈现的语音和非语音来研究与语言内容相关的神经过程,并观察到CI使用者表现出有益的跨模态效应。具体来说,左听觉和视觉皮层(被认为是大脑皮层语言处理的主要部位)之间连通性的增加与CI使用者在背景噪音中理解语音的能力呈正相关。语后失聪CI使用者听觉皮层的跨模态活动可能反映了分布式多模态语音网络的适应性活动,该网络被用来增强语言理解。
Sensory deprivation can lead to cross-modal cortical changes, whereby sensory brain regions deprived of input may be recruited to perform atypical function. Enhanced cross-modal responses to visual stimuli observed in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users are hypothesized to reflect increased activation of cortical language regions, but it is unclear if this cross-modal activity is “adaptive” or “mal-adaptive” for speech understanding. To determine if increased activation of language regions is correlated with better speech understanding in CI users, we assessed task-related activation and functional connectivity of auditory and visual cortices to auditory and visual speech and non-speech stimuli in CI users (n = 14) and normal-hearing listeners (n = 17) and used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure hemodynamic responses. We used visually presented speech and non-speech to investigate neural processes related to linguistic content and observed that CI users show beneficial cross-modal effects. Specifically, an increase in connectivity between the left auditory and visual cortices—presumed primary sites of cortical language processing—was positively correlated with CI users’ abilities to understand speech in background noise. Cross-modal activity in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf CI users may reflect adaptive activity of a distributed, multimodal speech network, recruited to enhance speech understanding.
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