Additivity pretraining and cue competition effects: developmental evidence for a reasoning-based account of causal learning.
Additivity pretraining and cue competition effects: developmental evidence for a reasoning-based account of causal learning.
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可加性预训练和线索竞争效应：基于推理的因果学习的发展证据。
DOI：
10.1037/a0027202
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Simms V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simms V
加性预训练对阻塞的影响已被作为人类和动物因果学习的推理解释的证据。如果推理支持这种效应，那么这种效应的大小在儿童中的发展差异是可以预料的。实验1使用一种新的范式，类似于人类成人因果学习研究中使用的食物过敏任务，考察了儿童(4-5岁和6-7岁)因果学习中的线索竞争效应。年龄较大的儿童比年龄较小的儿童阻断能力更强，加性预训练只影响年龄较大的儿童。Unoverdowing不受年龄或训练前的影响。在实验2中，实验2发现，阻断程度与回答要求儿童对加性进行推理的问题的能力有关。我们的结果支持对线索竞争效应的推理解释。
The effect of additivity pretraining on blocking has been taken as evidence for a reasoning account of human and animal causal learning. If inferential reasoning underpins this effect, then developmental differences in the magnitude of this effect in children would be expected. Experiment 1 examined cue competition effects in children's (4-to 5-year-olds and 6-to 7-year-olds) causal learning using a new paradigm analogous to the food allergy task used in studies of human adult causal learning. Blocking was stronger in the older than the younger children, and additivity pretraining only affected blocking in the older group. Unovershadowing was not affected by age or by pretraining. In experiment 2, levels of blocking were found to be correlated with the ability to answer questions that required children to reason about additivity. Our results support an inferential reasoning explanation of cue competition effects.
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