Seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome indicate plastic responses to diet in wild geladas.
Seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome indicate plastic responses to diet in wild geladas.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-020-00977-9
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发表时间：
2021-01-23
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Snyder-Mackler N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baniel A;Amato KR;Beehner JC;Bergman TJ;Mercer A;Perlman RF;Petrullo L;Reitsema L;Sams S;Lu A;Snyder-Mackler N
肠道微生物组组成的适应性变化是动物适应食物供应和饮食季节性变化的一种途径。然而，除了饮食变化之外，很少研究肠道微生物组成的其他潜在环境驱动因素，特别是生活在自然环境中的生物。在这里，我们生成了迄今为止最大的野生非人灵长类动物肠道微生物组数据集，以确定从野生埃塞俄比亚狒狒（Theropithecus gelada）收集的758个样本中肠道微生物多样性和功能的环境驱动因素。由于狒狒生活在寒冷的高海拔环境中，并且以低质量的草为基础的饮食，它们面临着极端的体温调节和能量限制。我们测试了食物可用性（降雨量）和温度调节应激（温度）的代理如何预测狒狒的肠道微生物组组成。狒狒肠道微生物组组成与降雨量和温度的模式，表明不同的饮食和体温调节的挑战的反应。微生物的变化是由不同季节饮食的主要成分的差异驱动的：在多雨时期，肠道由专门消化草的纤维素分解/发酵细菌主导，而在干燥时期，肠道由分解地下植物部分中发现的淀粉的细菌主导。温度对肠道微生物组的影响相对较小，但可以检测到。在寒冷和干燥的时期，参与能量，氨基酸和脂质代谢的细菌基因增加，这表明当温度调节和营养应激共同发生时，肠道中的发酵活性受到刺激，并可能帮助狒狒在挑战时期保持能量平衡。总之，这些结果揭示了肠道微生物群可塑性为宿主提供饮食和代谢灵活性的程度，并且可能是在不断变化的环境中蓬勃发展的关键因素。在更长的进化时间尺度上，肠道微生物组提供的这种代谢灵活性也可能使Theropithecus的成员采用专门的饮食，并在东非殖民新的高海拔草原栖息地。视频摘要在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10. 1186/s40168-020-00977-9获取。
Adaptive shifts in gut microbiome composition are one route by which animals adapt to seasonal changes in food availability and diet. However, outside of dietary shifts, other potential environmental drivers of gut microbial composition have rarely been investigated, particularly in organisms living in their natural environments. Here, we generated the largest wild nonhuman primate gut microbiome dataset to date to identify the environmental drivers of gut microbial diversity and function in 758 samples collected from wild Ethiopian geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Because geladas live in a cold, high-altitude environment and have a low-quality grass-based diet, they face extreme thermoregulatory and energetic constraints. We tested how proxies of food availability (rainfall) and thermoregulatory stress (temperature) predicted gut microbiome composition of geladas. The gelada gut microbiome composition covaried with rainfall and temperature in a pattern that suggests distinct responses to dietary and thermoregulatory challenges. Microbial changes were driven by differences in the main components of the diet across seasons: in rainier periods, the gut was dominated by cellulolytic/fermentative bacteria that specialized in digesting grass, while during dry periods the gut was dominated by bacteria that break down starches found in underground plant parts. Temperature had a comparatively smaller, but detectable, effect on the gut microbiome. During cold and dry periods, bacterial genes involved in energy, amino acid, and lipid metabolism increased, suggesting a stimulation of fermentation activity in the gut when thermoregulatory and nutritional stress co-occurred, and potentially helping geladas to maintain energy balance during challenging periods. Together, these results shed light on the extent to which gut microbiota plasticity provides dietary and metabolic flexibility to the host, and might be a key factor to thriving in changing environments. On a longer evolutionary timescale, such metabolic flexibility provided by the gut microbiome may have also allowed members of Theropithecus to adopt a specialized diet, and colonize new high-altitude grassland habitats in East Africa. Video abstract The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-020-00977-9.
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影响因子：
15.5
作者：
Antwis RE;Lea JMD;Unwin B;Shultz S
通讯作者：
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