Host adaptation is contingent upon the infection route taken by pathogens.
Host adaptation is contingent upon the infection route taken by pathogens.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003601
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Sucena É
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martins NE;Faria VG;Teixeira L;Magalhães S;Sucena É
病原体毒力的演变受感染途径的影响。此外，交替的感染途径引发宿主不同的生理反应，影响宿主的适应性及其与病原体的相互作用。然而，感染途径如何塑造对病原体的适应在实验水平上没有得到太多的关注。我们解决了这个问题，通过实验进化的远交果蝇种群感染两种不同的途径（口服和全身）与嗜虫假单胞菌。这两种选择机制导致了明显不同的进化轨迹。通过一种途径适应感染并不能通过另一种途径保护免受感染，这表明了不同的遗传基础。最后，相对于对照种群，进化的苍蝇对假单胞菌以外的细菌没有更强的抵抗力，对病毒感染表现出更高的易感性。这些特异性和权衡可能有助于维持自然种群中抗性的遗传变异。我们的数据表明，感染途径会影响宿主的适应性，因此，必须考虑在宿主-病原体相互作用的研究。病原体通过几种途径进入宿主，最常见的是摄入（口腔感染）和表皮破裂（全身感染）。一些研究表明，这些感染途径强烈影响病原体毒力的演变，尽管很少有人注意到宿主进化在这一过程中的作用。在这里，我们研究感染途径对宿主防御进化的影响，使用果蝇及其自然病原体嗜虫假单胞菌。利用实验进化的力量，在真实的时间里，种群的进化被跟踪，我们证明了D.在选择的前3代内，黑腹果蝇对口腔感染的反应增加，而对全身感染的反应较慢。此外，我们表明，进化的反应是特定的感染途径和病原体。事实上，通过摄入抵抗细菌的苍蝇不能免受相同细菌物种的全身感染，反之亦然。此外，对一种病原体的抗性进化不会延伸到通过相同感染途径感染不同属的细菌。这种特异性要求在宿主-寄生虫相互作用的研究中更多地关注病原体的感染途径。
Evolution of pathogen virulence is affected by the route of infection. Also, alternate infection routes trigger different physiological responses on hosts, impinging on host adaptation and on its interaction with pathogens. Yet, how route of infection may shape adaptation to pathogens has not received much attention at the experimental level. We addressed this question through the experimental evolution of an outbred Drosophila melanogaster population infected by two different routes (oral and systemic) with Pseudomonas entomophila. The two selection regimes led to markedly different evolutionary trajectories. Adaptation to infection through one route did not protect from infection through the alternate route, indicating distinct genetic bases. Finally, relatively to the control population, evolved flies were not more resistant to bacteria other than Pseudomonas and showed higher susceptibility to viral infections. These specificities and trade-offs may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation for resistance in natural populations. Our data shows that the infection route affects host adaptation and thus, must be considered in studies of host-pathogen interaction. Pathogens enter their hosts through several routes, the most common being ingestion (oral infection) and breaches in the cuticle (systemic infection). Several studies have shown that these infection routes strongly affect the evolution of pathogen virulence, though little attention has been given to the role of host evolution in this process. Here, we study the effect of infection route on the evolution of host defenses, using Drosophila melanogaster and its natural pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. Profiting from the power of experimental evolution, in which the evolution of populations is followed in real time, we show that survival of D. melanogaster to an oral infection increases within the first 3 generations of selection, whereas the response to systemic infection is slower. Furthermore, we show that the evolved response is specific to the route of infection and to pathogen. Indeed, flies that resist bacteria through ingestion are not protected from systemic infection with the same bacteria species, and vice versa. Also, evolution of resistance to one pathogen does not extend to infections with bacteria of different genera via the same infection route. This degree of specificity calls for more attention onto pathogen infection routes in studies of host-parasite interactions.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
ANDERSON, RM;MAY, RM
通讯作者：
MAY, RM
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.261573998
发表时间：
2001-12-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Schneider DS
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.070357597
发表时间：
2000-03-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Basset, A;Khush, RS;Lemaitre, B
通讯作者：
Lemaitre, B
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Day, T
通讯作者：
Day, T