Cortisol reactivity to stress among youth: stability over time and genetic variants for stress sensitivity.
Cortisol reactivity to stress among youth: stability over time and genetic variants for stress sensitivity.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000030
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Young, Jami F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hankin, Benjamin L.;Badanes, Lisa S.;Smolen, Andrew;Young, Jami F.
压力敏感性可能是一个过程，可以解释为什么一些遗传风险个体更容易受到某些类型的压力反应性精神病理学的影响。边缘系统下丘脑肾上腺皮质（LHPA）轴的失调，包括皮质醇对挑战的反应，代表了应激敏感性的一个关键方面。然而，随着时间的推移，青年人的稳定程度，特别是作为特定遗传变异函数的差异稳定性，尚未得到研究。一般社区样本的儿童和青少年（平均年龄= 11.4; 56%的女孩）提供了DNA样本，并完成了两个独立的实验室压力挑战，在18个月的随访（N =224在时间1; N = 194在时间2），唾液皮质醇的重复测量。结果表明，在整个实验室挑战访问的皮质醇反应性的几个指标的重测稳定性是显着的，并为整个样本的中等幅度。此外，与压力敏感性相关的几个生物学上合理的系统（特别是5-HTTLPR和CRHR 1）的基因变体在18个月内表现出皮质醇反应性的差异稳定性，因此赋予增强环境敏感性的基因型的携带者随着时间的推移，对于一些LHPA轴指数，皮质醇水平表现出更大的稳定性。研究结果表明，LHPA轴失调可能会表现出一些特质方面的压力敏感性在青年，特别是那些携带基因相关的更大的遗传易感性环境压力。
Stress sensitivity may be one process that can explain why some genetically at-risk individuals are more susceptible to some types of stress-reactive psychopathologies. Dysregulation of the Limbic Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (LHPA) axis, including cortisol reactivity to challenge, represents a key aspect of stress sensitivity. However, the degree of stability over time among youth, especially differential stability as a function of particular genetic variants, has not been investigated. A general community sample of children and adolescents (mean age = 11.4; 56% girls) provided a DNA sample and completed two separate laboratory stress challenges, across an 18-month follow-up (N =224 at Time 1; N = 194 at Time 2), with repeated measures of salivary cortisol. Results showed that test-retest stability for several indices of cortisol reactivity across the laboratory challenge visits were significant and of moderate magnitude for the whole sample. Moreover, gene variants of several biologically plausible systems relevant for stress sensitivity (especially 5-HTTLPR and CRHR1) demonstrated differential stability of cortisol reactivity over 18-months, such that carriers of genotypes conferring enhanced environmental susceptibility exhibited greater stability of cortisol levels over time for some LHPA axis indices. Findings suggest that LHPA axis dysregulation may exhibit some trait-like aspects underlying stress sensitivity in youth, especially for those who carry genes related to greater genetic susceptibility to environmental stress.
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