Probabilistic computing with voltage-controlled dynamics in magnetic tunnel junctions

Probabilistic computing with voltage-controlled dynamics in magnetic tunnel junctions
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磁隧道结中压控动力学的概率计算

DOI:
10.1088/1361-6528/acf6c7
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Khalili Amiri, Pedram
Khalili Amiri, Pedram
中科院分区:
材料科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shao, Yixin;Duffee, Christian;Raimondo, Eleonora;Davila, Noraica;Lopez-Dominguez, Victor;Katine, Jordan A;Finocchio, Giovanni;Khalili Amiri, Pedram

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概率计算是一种基于物理的方法,用于解决传统冯诺依曼计算机难以解决的计算问题。p计算的一个关键要求是实现快速、紧凑和节能的概率比特。具有低能量势垒的随机磁性隧道结(MTJ),其中每个状态中的相对停留时间由电流控制,已经被提出作为实现p位的候选。由于需要对大量MTJ上的小能量势垒进行精确控制,并且由于需要模拟控制信号,这种方法提出了挑战。在这里,我们展示了一种基于垂直MTJ的替代p位设计,该设计使用压控磁各向异性(VCMA)效应来按需创建p位的随机状态。MTJ在没有电压的情况下是稳定的(即具有大的能量势垒),并且VCMA诱导的动态用于在小于10 ns/bit的时间内生成随机数。然后,我们展示了一种通过使用VC-MTJ在没有偏置电流的情况下实现p位的紧凑方法。作为对所提出的p比特的可行性和生成的随机数的高质量的演示,我们使用VC-MTJ生成的实验比特流解决了高达40比特的整数因式分解问题。我们的建议可以影响p-计算机的发展,无论是通过支持一个完整的自旋电子实现的p位,或者,通过使真正的随机数生成在低成本的超低功耗和紧凑的p-计算机实现在互补金属氧化物半导体芯片。
Probabilistic (p-) computing is a physics-based approach to addressing computational problems which are difficult to solve by conventional von Neumann computers. A key requirement for p-computing is the realization of fast, compact, and energy-efficient probabilistic bits. Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with low energy barriers, where the relative dwell time in each state is controlled by current, have been proposed as a candidate to implement p-bits. This approach presents challenges due to the need for precise control of a small energy barrier across large numbers of MTJs, and due to the need for an analog control signal. Here we demonstrate an alternative p-bit design based on perpendicular MTJs that uses the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect to create the random state of a p-bit on demand. The MTJs are stable (ie have large energy barriers) in the absence of voltage, and VCMA-induced dynamics are used to generate random numbers in less than 10 ns/bit. We then show a compact method of implementing p-bits by using VC-MTJs without a bias current. As a demonstration of the feasibility of the proposed p-bits and high quality of the generated random numbers, we solve up to 40 bit integer factorization problems using experimental bit-streams generated by VC-MTJs. Our proposal can impact the development of p-computers, both by supporting a fully spintronic implementation of a p-bit, and alternatively, by enabling true random number generation at low cost for ultralow-power and compact p-computers implemented in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chips.
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