Coevolution of the Ess1-CTD axis in polar fungi suggests a role for phase separation in cold tolerance.

Coevolution of the Ess1-CTD axis in polar fungi suggests a role for phase separation in cold tolerance.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.abq3235
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发表时间:
2022-09-09
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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世界上大多数生物多样性生活在寒冷(- 2°C至4°C)和高盐环境中。为了了解细胞如何适应这种条件,我们从生活在极端极地环境中的真菌物种中分离出转录机制的两个关键组成部分:Ess1脯氨酸异构酶及其靶点,RNA聚合酶II的羧基末端结构域(CTD)。极性Ess1酶在酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)中具有保守性和功能性。相比之下,极性CTDs与共识(YSPTSPS)26不同,在葡萄球菌中不完全起作用。这些CTDs保留了关键的Ess1 Ser-Pro靶基序,但在Y1、T4和S7上的取代严重影响了它们在体外进行相分离和体内定位的能力。我们提出CTD和其他内在无序区域的环境调节相分离通过集中酶和底物来克服代谢活性的能量障碍,在耐寒性中起适应性作用。对极端环境的适应涉及对蛋白质的球状区和无序区不同的进化压力。
Most of the world’s biodiversity lives in cold (−2° to 4°C) and hypersaline environments. To understand how cells adapt to such conditions, we isolated two key components of the transcription machinery from fungal species that live in extreme polar environments: the Ess1 prolyl isomerase and its target, the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Polar Ess1 enzymes are conserved and functional in the model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By contrast, polar CTDs diverge from the consensus (YSPTSPS)26 and are not fully functional in S. cerevisiae. These CTDs retain the critical Ess1 Ser-Pro target motifs, but substitutions at Y1, T4, and S7 profoundly affected their ability to undergo phase separation in vitro and localize in vivo. We propose that environmentally tuned phase separation by the CTD and other intrinsically disordered regions plays an adaptive role in cold tolerance by concentrating enzymes and substrates to overcome energetic barriers to metabolic activity. Adaptation to extreme environments involves distinct evolutionary pressures on globular versus disordered regions of proteins.
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