Nanopores: A journey towards DNA sequencing.
Nanopores: A journey towards DNA sequencing.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.plrev.2012.05.010
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Wanunu M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wanunu M
核酸比以往任何时候都更被认为是许多生命过程的关键组成部分，在单分子水平上研究这些分子奇迹的科学正在蓬勃发展。在20世纪90年代中期引入了一种新的方法。这种方法非常简单：在一个不透水的薄膜上，在两个装有电解质的腔室之间放置一个纳米级的孔，然后用两个电极在膜上施加电压。这些条件导致离子流稳定地流过孔。溶液中的核酸分子可以被驱动通过孔，并通过可测量的跨膜离子电流的变化来观察生物分子的结构特征。从本质上讲，纳米孔是一个高通量离子显微镜和单分子力装置。纳米孔作为一种有望读取DNA序列的工具正成为人们关注的焦点，这一前景已经引起了学术界、工业界和国家的极大兴趣。不管未来纳米孔应用的命运如何，在这16年的探索过程中，许多研究已经证实了纳米孔在单分子生物物理学工具包中的不可或缺性。本文综述了过去和目前与核酸生物物理学相关的研究，并希望引起对该领域当前和未来前景的讨论。
Much more than ever, nucleic acids are recognized as key building blocks in many of life's processes, and the science of studying these molecular wonders at the single-molecule level is thriving. A new method of doing so has been introduced in the mid 1990's. This method is exceedingly simple: a nanoscale pore that spans across an impermeable thin membrane is placed between two chambers that contain an electrolyte, and voltage is applied across the membrane using two electrodes. These conditions lead to a steady stream of ion flow across the pore. Nucleic acid molecules in solution can be driven through the pore, and structural features of the biomolecules are observed as measurable changes in the trans-membrane ion current. In essence, a nanopore is a high-throughput ion microscope and a single-molecule force apparatus. Nanopores are taking center stage as a tool that promises to read a DNA sequence, and this promise has resulted in overwhelming academic, industrial, and national interest. Regardless of the fate of future nanopore applications, in the process of this 16-year-long exploration, many studies have validated the indispensability of nanopores in the toolkit of single-molecule biophysics. This review surveys past and current studies related to nucleic acid biophysics, and will hopefully provoke a discussion of immediate and future prospects for the field.
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