Old cortex, new contexts: re-purposing spatial perception for social cognition.

Old cortex, new contexts: re-purposing spatial perception for social cognition.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00645
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Wheatley T
Wheatley T
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Parkinson C;Wheatley T

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日常的精神生活中,有很多涉及到我们目前无法直接感知的信息,从思考友谊的力量到推理他人的思想内容。尽管抽象思维在人类的日常活动中,特别是在人类的社会性中占有首要地位,但人们对抽象思维的支持机制却知之甚少。最近在认知神经科学中获得关注的一个解释框架是扩展适应(exaptation),即重新利用进化中的旧电路来执行新功能。我们主张将这一概念应用于社会认知的效用。趋同的行为和神经科学证据表明,人类将最初致力于空间感知的机制用于更抽象的认知领域(例如,时间推理)。初步证据表明,社会认知的某些方面也涉及最初为处理物理空间而进化的基质的适应。我们讨论了未来工作的潜力,以更直接地测试,如果空间处理的皮层基板被扩展为社会认知,并在这样做,以提高我们的理解,人类如何进化的机制,导航一个非常复杂的社会世界。
Much of everyday mental life involves information that we cannot currently perceive directly, from contemplating the strengths of friendships to reasoning about the contents of other minds. Despite their primacy to everyday human functioning, and in particular, to human sociality, the mechanisms that support abstract thought are poorly understood. An explanatory framework that has gained traction recently in cognitive neuroscience is exaptation, or the re-purposing of evolutionarily old circuitry to carry out new functions. We argue for the utility of applying this concept to social cognition. Convergent behavioral and neuroscientific evidence suggests that humans co-opt mechanisms originally devoted to spatial perception for more abstract domains of cognition (e.g., temporal reasoning). Preliminary evidence suggests that some aspects of social cognition also involve the exaptation of substrates originally evolved for processing physical space. We discuss the potential for future work to test more directly if cortical substrates for spatial processing were exapted for social cognition, and in so doing, to improve our understanding of how humans evolved mechanisms for navigating an exceptionally complex social world.
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