Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis.
Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1128/spectrum.04858-22
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发表时间：
2023-08-17
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
金黄色葡萄球菌是一种人类共生机会致病菌，也感染其他动物。在人类和牲畜中，金黄色葡萄球菌的研究最多，菌株专门针对不同的宿主物种。最近的研究还在多种野生动物中发现了金黄色葡萄球菌。然而，目前尚不清楚这些分离株是否也专门针对其宿主，或者它们的存在是否是由于来源群体的反复溢出所致。本研究重点关注鱼类中的金黄色葡萄球菌，以两种方式检验溢出假设。首先，我们检查了从养殖鱼的内部和外部器官中分离得到的 12 株金黄色葡萄球菌。虽然所有分离株均来自克隆复合物 45，但基因组多样性表明重复获得。含有人类免疫逃避基因的 φSa3 原噬菌体的存在表明来源最初是人类。其次，我们测试了从可能来源分离出来的野生鱼类中的金黄色葡萄球菌。特别是，我们在苏格兰偏远高地的 16 个地点对 123 条褐鳟鱼及其环境进行了采样，这些地点与人类、鸟类和牲畜的接触程度各不相同。该筛查在任何野生种群或其环境中均未发现金黄色葡萄球菌感染。总之，这些结果表明金黄色葡萄球菌在鱼类和水产养殖中的存在是由于人类的溢出而不是专门化。鉴于鱼类消费增加的趋势，更好地了解水产养殖中金黄色葡萄球菌溢出的动态将减轻未来对鱼类和人类健康的风险。重要性 金黄色葡萄球菌是人类和牲畜的共生菌，也是导致人类高死亡率和农业经济损失的重要病原体。最近的研究表明，金黄色葡萄球菌在包括鱼类在内的野生动物中很常见。然而，我们不知道这些动物是否属于金黄色葡萄球菌正常宿主范围的一部分，也不知道感染是否是由于真正的金黄色葡萄球菌宿主的重复溢出事件所致。回答这个问题对公共卫生和保护具有重要意义。我们通过结合养殖鱼类金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的基因组测序和分离野生种群中金黄色葡萄球菌的筛选，找到了对溢出假说的支持。结果表明，鱼类不太可能是新出现的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的来源，但突显了人类和牲畜产生的抗生素抗性细菌外溢的重要性。这可能会影响未来鱼类疾病的可能性和人类食物中毒的风险。
Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen that also infects other animals. In humans and livestock, where S. aureus is most studied, strains are specialized for different host species. Recent studies have also found S. aureus in diverse wild animals. However, it remains unclear whether these isolates are also specialized for their hosts or whether their presence is due to repeated spillovers from source populations. This study focuses on S. aureus in fish, testing the spillover hypothesis in two ways. First, we examined 12 S. aureus isolates obtained from the internal and external organs of a farmed fish. While all isolates were from clonal complex 45, genomic diversity indicates repeated acquisition. The presence of a φSa3 prophage containing human immune evasion genes suggests that the source was originally human. Second, we tested for S. aureus in wild fish that were isolated from likely sources. In particular, we sampled 123 brown trout and their environment at 16 sites in the remote Scottish Highlands with variable levels of exposure to humans, birds, and livestock. This screen found no S. aureus infection in any of the wild populations or their environment. Together, these results support that the presence of S. aureus in fish and aquaculture is due to spillover from humans rather than specialization. Given the trends of increasing fish consumption, a better understanding of the dynamics of S. aureus spillover in aquaculture will mitigate future risks to fish and human health. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is a human and livestock commensal but also an important pathogen responsible for high human mortality rates and economic losses in farming. Recent studies show that S. aureus is common in wild animals, including fish. However, we do not know whether these animals are part of the normal host range of S. aureus or whether infection is due to repeated spillover events from true S. aureus hosts. Answering this question has implications for public health and conservation. We find support for the spillover hypothesis by combining genome sequencing of S. aureus isolates from farmed fish and screens for S. aureus in isolated wild populations. The results imply that fish are unlikely to be a source of novel emergent S. aureus strains but highlight the prominence of the spillover of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from humans and livestock. This may affect both future fish disease potential and the risk of human food poisoning.
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影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Blaylock, Reginald B.;Bullard, Stephen A.
通讯作者：
Bullard, Stephen A.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Gomez, Paula;Lozano, Carmen;Torres, Carmen
通讯作者：
Torres, Carmen
DOI：
10.1074/jbc.ra117.000599
发表时间：
2018-03-23
期刊：
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
de Jong NWM;Vrieling M;Garcia BL;Koop G;Brettmann M;Aerts PC;Ruyken M;van Strijp JAG;Holmes M;Harrison EM;Geisbrecht BV;Rooijakkers SHM
通讯作者：
Rooijakkers SHM
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Bankevich, Anton;Nurk, Sergey;Pevzner, Pavel A.
通讯作者：
Pevzner, Pavel A.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Borjesson, S.;Matussek, A.;Lindgren, P. E.
通讯作者：
Lindgren, P. E.