How do Older Adults Spend Their Time? Gender Gaps and Educational Gradients in Time Use in East Asian and Western Countries

How do Older Adults Spend Their Time? Gender Gaps and Educational Gradients in Time Use in East Asian and Western Countries
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老年人如何度过他们的时间?

DOI:
10.1007/s12062-021-09345-3
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Kan M
Kan M
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kan M

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这项研究首次记录了东亚和西方社会的老年人如何在日常生活的四个关键方面花费时间,按受访者的性别和教育水平进行。为了做到这一点,我们进行了开创性的努力,并将东亚国家(中国,日本,韩国,台湾)的横截面时间使用数据与多国时间使用研究(加拿大,丹麦,芬兰,法国,意大利,荷兰,挪威,西班牙,英国,美国;我们称之为西方国家)在2000年至2015年期间收集的数据进行了协调。双变量和多变量模型的结果表明,东亚老年人的日常时间预算与大多数西方国家的老年人不同。具体而言,在东亚背景下,家务工作,休闲和睡眠时间的性别差距比西方国家更大。与所有其他地区相比,中国在有偿工作方面的性别差距更大。在东亚国家,较高的教育程度与较少的有偿工作,更多的休闲和较少的睡眠时间有关,而在西方国家,他们与更多的有偿工作,较少的家务劳动和较少的睡眠有关。有趣的是,意大利和西班牙这两个南欧国家的福利制度与东亚国家的相似之处要多于与其他西方国家的相似之处。我们解释和讨论这些发现对人口老龄化研究和福利政策的影响。
This study is the first to document how older adults in East Asian and Western societies spend their time, across four key dimensions of daily life, by respondent’s gender and education level. To do this, we undertook a pioneering effort and harmonized cross-sectional time-use data from East Asian countries (China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan) with data from the Multinational Time Use Study (Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom, United States; to which we refer as Western countries), collected between 2000 and 2015. Findings from bivariate and multivariate models suggest that daily time budgets of East Asian older adults are different from their counterparts in most Western countries. Specifically, gender gaps in domestic work, leisure, and sleep time were larger in East Asian contexts, than in Western countries. Gender gaps in paid work were larger in China compared to all other regions. Higher levels of educational attainment were associated with less paid work, more leisure, and less sleep time in East Asian countries, while in Western countries they were associated with more paid work, less domestic work, and less sleep. Interestingly, Italy and Spain, two Southern European welfare regimes, shared more similarities with East Asian countries than with other Western countries. We interpret and discuss the implications of these findings for population aging research, and welfare policies.
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