Prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment in US adults and associated risk factors, 1999-2002 and 2005-2008.

Prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment in US adults and associated risk factors, 1999-2002 and 2005-2008.
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DOI:
10.1001/jama.2012.85685
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发表时间:
2012-12-12
影响因子:
120.7
通讯作者:
Friedman, David S.
Friedman, David S.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ko, Fang;Vitale, Susan;Chou, Chiu-Fang;Cotch, Mary Frances;Saaddine, Jinan;Friedman, David S.

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在过去的十年中,糖尿病和糖尿病视网膜病变等具有眼科后遗症的慢性疾病有所增加。估计非屈光性视力损害的患病率,并描述其与人口统计学和系统性风险因素(包括确诊的糖尿病)的关系。国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)检查了美国非机构化人口的代表性样本。在1999-2002年和2005-2008年,分别有9471名和10480名年龄在20岁或以上的参与者接受了问卷调查、实验室检查和体格检查。在自动验光仪辅助下视力低于20/40被归类为非屈光性视力损害。非屈光性视力障碍。20岁及以上美国成年人的非屈光性视力损害的加权患病率从1999-2002年的1.4%增加到2005-2008年的1.7%(P= 0.03),增加了21%; 20-39岁非西班牙裔白人从0.5%增加到0.7%(P= 0.008),增加了40%。在多变量分析中,1999-2002年非屈光性视力损害的统计学显著风险因素包括年龄(每年比值比[OR],1.07; 95% CI,1.05-1.09),贫困(OR,2.18; 95%CI,1.31-3.64),缺乏保险(OR,1.85; 95%CI,1.16-2.95),以及自诊断以来10年或更长时间的糖尿病(OR,1.93; 95%CI,1.15-3.25)。2005-2008年,风险因素包括年龄(OR,1.05; 95% CI,1.04-1.07),贫困(OR,2.23; 95%CI,1.55-3.22),教育程度低于高中(OR,2.11; 95%CI,1.54-2.90)和自诊断以来10年或更长时间的糖尿病(OR,2.67; 95%CI,1.64-4.37)。自诊断以来10年或更长时间的糖尿病患病率从2.8%增加到3.6%(P= 0.02),总体增加了22%; 20-39岁的非西班牙裔白人从0.3%增加到0.7%(P<0.001)。2005-2008年非屈光性视力损害的患病率显著高于1999-2002年,这可能部分归因于糖尿病的患病率较高,糖尿病是一种相关的风险因素,在此期间患病率增加。
Over the past decade, chronic illnesses with ophthalmic sequelae such as diabetes and diabetic retinopathy have increased. To estimate prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment and to describe its relationship with demographic and systemic risk factors including diagnosed diabetes. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) examined a representative sample of the US noninstitutionalized population. In 1999-2002 and 2005-2008, 9471 and 10 480 participants aged 20 years or older received questionnaires, laboratory tests, and physical examinations. Visual acuity of less than 20/40 aided by autorefractor was classified as nonrefractive visual impairment. Nonrefractive visual impairment. Weighted prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment increased 21% among US adults aged 20 years and older from 1.4% in 1999-2002 to 1.7% in 2005-2008 (P=.03); and increased 40% among non-Hispanic whites aged 20-39 years from 0.5% to 0.7% (P=.008). In multivariable analyses, statistically significant risk factors for nonrefractive visual impairment in 1999-2002 included age (per year odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09), poverty (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.31-3.64), lack of insurance (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.16-2.95), and diabetes with 10 or more years since diagnosis (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15-3.25). In 2005-2008, risk factors included age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07), poverty (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.55-3.22), education less than high school (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.54-2.90), and diabetes with 10 or more years since diagnosis (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.64-4.37). Prevalence of diabetes with 10 or more years since diagnosis increased 22% overall from 2.8% to 3.6% (P=.02); and 133% among non-Hispanic whites aged 20-39 years from 0.3% to 0.7% (P<.001). Prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment was significantly higher in 2005-2008 than in 1999-2002 and may be attributable, in part, to higher prevalence of diabetes, an associated risk factor that increased in prevalence during this time period.
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