Unprecedented threats to cities from multi-century sea level rise

Unprecedented threats to cities from multi-century sea level rise
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多个世纪以来海平面上升对城市造成前所未有的威胁

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/ac2e6b
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Levermann, Anders
Levermann, Anders
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Strauss, Benjamin H.;Kulp, Scott A.;Rasmussen, D. J.;Levermann, Anders

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人类排放的部分二氧化碳将在大气中停留数百年,导致全球气温和海平面上升。大多数国家的减排政策和行动似乎并没有反映出这一长期威胁,因为总的来说,它们指向了许多发达地区普遍的永久性洪灾。使用最新的全球海拔和人口数据,我们在这里表明,在高排放导致4∘C变暖和大约200年至2000年期间全球平均海平面上升中值8.9m的情况下,至少50个主要城市(主要位于亚洲)将需要抵御全球前所未有的暴露水平,如果可行,否则将面临部分现有面积的损失。在全国范围内,中国、印度、印度尼西亚和越南,这些最近燃煤电厂建设的全球领先者,拥有最多的当代人口,他们占用的土地低于预计的潮汐线,与孟加拉国并驾齐驱。我们使用这一基于人口的指标作为一个粗略的指数,以衡量大部分不可移动的建筑环境的潜在风险,这些环境体现了当今存在的文化和经济。根据海平面中值预测,除澳大利亚和南极洲外,每个大陆上都将至少有一个大国面临异常高的风险敞口:陆地上至少有十分之一的人口,至多三分之二的现有人口低于潮汐线。许多小岛国面临着几乎完全丧失的威胁。涨潮线可能会侵占目前全球人口(约10亿人)的15%以上的土地。相比之下,实现《巴黎气候协议》最雄心勃勃的目标,可能会将风险暴露减少大约一半,并可能避免对当代人口超过1000万的任何沿海特大城市提出全球前所未有的防务要求。
A portion of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions will stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years, raising temperatures and sea levels globally. Most nations' emissions-reduction policies and actions do not seem to reflect this long-term threat, as collectively they point toward widespread permanent inundation of many developed areas. Using state-of-the-art new global elevation and population data, we show here that, under high emissions scenarios leading to 4∘ C warming and a median projected 8.9 m of global mean sea level rise within a roughly 200-to 2000-year envelope, at least 50 major cities, mostly in Asia, would need to defend against globally unprecedented levels of exposure, if feasible, or face partial to near-total extant area losses. Nationally, China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam, global leaders in recent coal plant construction, have the largest contemporary populations occupying land below projected high tide lines, alongside Bangladesh. We employ this population-based metric as a rough index for the potential exposure of the largely immovable built environment embodying cultures and economies as they exist today. Based on median sea level projections, at least one large nation on every continent but Australia and Antarctica would face exceptionally high exposure: land home to at least one-tenth and up to two-thirds of current population falling below tideline. Many small island nations are threatened with near-total loss. The high tide line could encroach above land occupied by as much as 15% of the current global population (about one billion people). By contrast, meeting the most ambitious goals of the Paris Climate Agreement will likely reduce exposure by roughly half and may avoid globally unprecedented defense requirements for any coastal megacity exceeding a contemporary population of 10 million.
海平面上升导致世界文化遗产和目前居住地的丧失
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034001
发表时间: 2014
影响因子: 6.7
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DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817205116
发表时间: 2019-06-04
影响因子: 11.1
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DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2094
发表时间: 2014-02-01
影响因子: 30.7
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新亚特兰蒂斯:荷兰海平面上升 5 米
DOI: --
发表时间: 2008
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
X. Olsthoorn;P. V. D. Werff;L. Bouwer;D. Huitema
通讯作者: D. Huitema