What Drives Adult Personality Development? A Comparison of Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence

What Drives Adult Personality Development? A Comparison of Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence
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是什么推动了成人人格的发展?

DOI:
10.1002/per.1966
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Zimmermann
Zimmermann
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Specht;Bleidorn;Denissen;J. J. A;Hennecke;Hutteman;Kandler;Luhmann;Zimmermann

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越来越多的实证研究提供了令人信服的证据,证明人格特征在整个生命周期中都会发生变化。是什么引发了这种持续的人格发展,这种发展是如何进行的?在本文中,我们比较了六种理论观点,这些观点提供了关于人格发展方式的可测试预测,并通过回顾这些观点如何与经验证据相抗衡,确定了这些观点的局限性和潜力。虽然所有这些观点都得到了一些实证支持,但人格五因素理论和基因型→环境效应理论所提出的命题几乎没有直接证据。相比之下,新社会分析理论似乎提供了一个符合经验发现的综合框架,并允许整合其他更专业的观点,这些观点关注于人格发展的特定方面,如时间的作用,社会角色类别之间的系统差异或个人自身的积极参与。我们总结了成人人格发展的可能驱动因素,并确定了未来研究的途径。版权所有©2014欧洲人格心理学协会
Increasing numbers of empirical studies provide compelling evidence that personality traits change across the entire lifespan. What initiates this continuing personality development and how does this development proceed? In this paper, we compare six theoretical perspectives that offer testable predictions about why personality develops the way it does and identify limitations and potentials of these perspectives by reviewing how they hold up against the empirical evidence. While all of these perspectives have received some empirical support, there is only little direct evidence for propositions put forward by the five–factor theory of personality and the theory of genotype → environment effects. In contrast, the neo–socioanalytic theory appears to offer a comprehensive framework that fits the empirical findings and allows the integration of other, more specialized, perspectives that focus on specific aspects of personality development like the role of time, systematic differences between categories of social roles or the active partake of the person himself or herself. We draw conclusions on the likely driving factors for adult personality development and identify avenues for future research. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
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