A cross-species analysis of microRNAs in the developing avian face.
A cross-species analysis of microRNAs in the developing avian face.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0035111
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lovett M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powder KE;Ku YC;Brugmann SA;Veile RA;Renaud NA;Helms JA;Lovett M
高等脊椎动物使用类似的遗传工具来获得截然不同的面部特征。这种多样性被认为是通过脑神经脊(NC)细胞内基因表达的时间、空间和物种特异性的变化而发生的。这些基因有助于面部骨骼，并包含驱动形态变异的物种特有信息。已知一些信号分子和转录因子在这些过程中发挥重要作用，但对microRNAs(MiRNAs)的作用知之甚少。我们已经鉴定并比较了三种禽类(鸡、鸭和鹌鹑)在物种特异性面部差异发生前后在颅骨NC细胞中表达的所有miRNAs。我们鉴定了170个差异表达的miRNAs。其中包括之前描述的35个新的鸡miRNAs同源基因，以及6个禽类特有的miRNAs。这些鸟类特有的miRNAs中有5个在1亿2千万年的鸟类进化过程中被保守，从扁平到高尔形，它们预测的目标mRNAs包括Wnt信号的许多成分。以前的工作表明，在NC细胞中，当喙获得物种特有的形态时，mRNA基因的表达相对稳定。然而，miRNA的表达在这一时间框架内是显著动态的，这表明特定发育转变的时间在不同喙形状的鸟类中发生了变化。我们评估了一对miRNA：mRNA靶点，发现细胞周期调节因子p27KIP1可能是额鼻NC细胞miR-222的靶点，这种相互作用的时间与表型变异的开始有关。我们的比较基因组学方法是第一次对发育中的面部原始和特定物种面部发育中的miRNAs进行全面分析。
Higher vertebrates use similar genetic tools to derive very different facial features. This diversity is believed to occur through temporal, spatial and species-specific changes in gene expression within cranial neural crest (NC) cells. These contribute to the facial skeleton and contain species-specific information that drives morphological variation. A few signaling molecules and transcription factors are known to play important roles in these processes, but little is known regarding the role of micro-RNAs (miRNAs). We have identified and compared all miRNAs expressed in cranial NC cells from three avian species (chicken, duck, and quail) before and after species-specific facial distinctions occur. We identified 170 differentially expressed miRNAs. These include thirty-five novel chicken orthologs of previously described miRNAs, and six avian-specific miRNAs. Five of these avian-specific miRNAs are conserved over 120 million years of avian evolution, from ratites to galliforms, and their predicted target mRNAs include many components of Wnt signaling. Previous work indicates that mRNA gene expression in NC cells is relatively static during stages when the beak acquires species-specific morphologies. However, miRNA expression is remarkably dynamic within this timeframe, suggesting that the timing of specific developmental transitions is altered in birds with different beak shapes. We evaluated one miRNA:mRNA target pair and found that the cell cycle regulator p27KIP1 is a likely target of miR-222 in frontonasal NC cells, and that the timing of this interaction correlates with the onset of phenotypic variation. Our comparative genomic approach is the first comprehensive analysis of miRNAs in the developing facial primordial, and in species-specific facial development.
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