Gene expression divergence and evolutionary analysis of the drosomycin gene family in Drosophila melanogaster.
Gene expression divergence and evolutionary analysis of the drosomycin gene family in Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
10.1155/2009/315423
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Xu P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng XJ;Yang WY;Huang YD;Cao Y;Wen SY;Xia QY;Xu P
Drosomycin （dr）编码一个可诱导的44-残基抗真菌肽，与另外6个基因Dro1、Dro2、Dro3、Dro4、Dro5和Dro6聚集在果蝇3L染色体臂上，形成一个多基因家族。为了进一步了解drosomycin基因家族每个成员的调控，我们利用实时RT-PCR技术通过无微生物损伤或微生物挑战研究了该家族的基因表达模式。结果表明，7个drosomycin基因中dr、Dro2、Dro3、Dro4和Dro5呈组成性表达。其中3 / 5，即Dro2、Dro3和Dro5，能够因单纯损伤而上调。有趣的是，当果蝇被微生物感染时，dr是唯一一个强烈上调的基因。与这5个基因相比，在未感染或感染的果蝇中，Dro1和Dro6都没有转录。此外，通过cDNA末端的5 '快速扩增，在dr和Dro2中鉴定出两个转录起始位点，在Dro3、Dro4和Dro5中鉴定出一个转录起始位点。此外，在dr、Dro2、Dro3和Dro5的启动子区域均发现NF-κB结合位点，提示NF-κB结合位点对drosomycin基因的诱导作用具有重要意义。通过对各基因侧链序列的分析，以及对果蝇drosomycin在果蝇种群中的系统发育关系的分析，我们认为drosomycin基因家族的形成与基因重复有关。结合基因表达模式、基因结构和功能分化分析，探讨了顺霉素基因可能的进化命运。
Drosomycin (Drs) encoding an inducible 44-residue antifungal peptide is clustered with six additional genes, Dro1, Dro2, Dro3, Dro4, Dro5, and Dro6, forming a multigene family on the 3L chromosome arm in Drosophila melanogaster. To get further insight into the regulation of each member of the drosomycin gene family, here we investigated gene expression patterns of this family by either microbe-free injury or microbial challenges using real time RT-PCR. The results indicated that among the seven drosomycin genes, Drs, Dro2, Dro3, Dro4, and Dro5 showed constitutive expressions. Three out of five, Dro2, Dro3, and Dro5, were able to be upregulated by simple injury. Interestingly, Drs is an only gene strongly upregulated when Drosophila was infected with microbes. In contrast to these five genes, Dro1 and Dro6 were not transcribed at all in either noninfected or infected flies. Furthermore, by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, two transcription start sites were identified in Drs and Dro2, and one in Dro3, Dro4, and Dro5. In addition, NF-κB binding sites were found in promoter regions of Drs, Dro2, Dro3, and Dro5, indicating the importance of NF-κB binding sites for the inducibility of drosomycin genes. Based on the analyses of flanking sequences of each gene in D. melanogaster and phylogenetic relationship of drosomycins in D. melanogaster species-group, we concluded that gene duplications were involved in the formation of the drosomycin gene family. The possible evolutionary fates of drosomycin genes were discussed according to the combining analysis of gene expression pattern, gene structure, and functional divergence of these genes.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.261573998
发表时间：
2001-12-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Irving, P;Troxler, L;Hetru, C
通讯作者：
Hetru, C
DOI：
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18730.x
发表时间：
1994-04-01
期刊：
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
DIMARCQ, JL;HOFFMANN, D;HOFFMANN, JA
通讯作者：
HOFFMANN, JA
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Levashina, EA;Ohresser, S;Imler, JL
通讯作者：
Imler, JL
影响因子：
16
作者：
Senger, K;Armstrong, GW;Levine, M
通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00699.x
发表时间：
1996-11-01
期刊：
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Charlet, M;Lagueux, M;Meister, M
通讯作者：
Meister, M