Infection-interactions in Ethiopian village chickens.
Infection-interactions in Ethiopian village chickens.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.002
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发表时间：
2014-11-15
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Christley RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bettridge JM;Lynch SE;Brena MC;Melese K;Dessie T;Terfa ZG;Desta TT;Rushton S;Hanotte O;Kaiser P;Wigley P;Christley RM
在村庄生产系统下饲养的鸡暴露于各种病原体，当前或以前的感染可能会影响它们对另一种寄生虫进一步感染的易感性，和/或可以改变每种感染的表现。合并感染可能与环境风险因素一样重要。然而，在横断面研究中，感染的时间是未知的，由于寄生虫共享共同的风险因素，可能会观察到感染之间的明显关联。本研究测定了埃塞俄比亚两个不同地理种群的1056只乡村鸡对3种病毒（纽卡斯尔病、马立克氏病和传染性法氏囊病）和2种细菌（多杀性巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌）疾病的抗体滴度，以及3种体内和体外寄生虫（蛔虫、艾美耳球虫和虱）的感染率。在4次横断面调查期间收集样本，每次调查间隔约6个月。约束排序，生态群落数据分析的技术，被用来探索这个复杂的数据集，并使潜在的关系被发现和测试，尽管不同的测量用于不同的寄生虫。结果发现，只有一小部分数据的变化可以解释的风险因素测量。发现极少数鸡（9/1280）对纽卡斯尔病呈血清阳性。巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌滴度之间的正相关关系，马立克氏病和寄生虫感染，这两组疾病与女性和男性，分别。这可能表明雄性和雌性鸡的免疫系统与这些寄生虫相互作用的方式存在差异。总之，我们发现一些传染性病原体及其相互作用可能会影响农村鸡的健康和生产。控制这些感染在未来的发展规划中可能具有重要意义。
Chickens raised under village production systems are exposed to a wide variety of pathogens, and current or previous infections may affect their susceptibility to further infections with another parasite, and/or can alter the manifestation of each infection. It is possible that co-infections may be as important as environmental risk factors. However, in cross-sectional studies, where the timing of infection is unknown, apparent associations between infections may be observed due to parasites sharing common risk factors. This study measured antibody titres to 3 viral (Newcastle disease, Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease) and 2 bacterial (Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella) diseases, and the infection prevalence of 3 families of endo- and ecto-parasites (Ascaridida, Eimeria and lice) in 1056 village chickens from two geographically distinct populations in Ethiopia. Samples were collected during 4 cross-sectional surveys, each approximately 6 months apart. Constrained ordination, a technique for analysis of ecological community data, was used to explore this complex dataset and enabled potential relationships to be uncovered and tested despite the different measurements used for the different parasites. It was found that only a small proportion of variation in the data could be explained by the risk factors measured. Very few birds (9/1280) were found to be seropositive to Newcastle disease. Positive relationships were identified between Pasteurella and Salmonella titres; and between Marek's disease and parasitic infections, and these two groups of diseases were correlated with females and males, respectively. This may suggest differences in the way that the immune systems of male and female chickens interact with these parasites. In conclusion, we find that a number of infectious pathogens and their interactions are likely to impact village chicken health and production. Control of these infections is likely to be of importance in future development planning.
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