Clocks on top: the role of the circadian clock in the hypothalamic and pituitary regulation of endocrine physiology.
Clocks on top: the role of the circadian clock in the hypothalamic and pituitary regulation of endocrine physiology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.003
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发表时间：
2012-02-05
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Chappell, Patrick E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tonsfeldt, Karen J.;Chappell, Patrick E.
在过去的几十年里，昼夜节律生物学的最新进展使研究人员对分子生物钟如何影响哺乳动物更广泛的生理学有了新的认识。阐明了内源性生物钟核心的转录反馈回路，从而可以更深入地分析定时细胞程序如何对多个内分泌轴产生影响。虽然对内源性时钟的全面理解目前还不完整，但最近的工作重新评估了先前的发现，对这些细胞振荡器的参与有了新的理解，以及它们如何在构建节律性激素合成，分泌，接收和代谢中发挥作用。本文综述了目前的研究如何在下丘脑和垂体的多个昼夜节律钟接收光信息的振荡器内的下丘脑视交叉上核（SCN），以及如何产生垂体和垂体激素释放，然后在时间门控产生最佳结果在同源靶组织。特别强调的不仅是SCN和其他下丘脑核团之间的神经通信，但也如何内分泌下丘脑和垂体内的内源性时钟可能会调节当地的激素合成和分泌，以响应SCN的线索。通过评估更大规模的昼夜节律生物学对内分泌学影响的研究，我们可以更好地了解内分泌系统中时间的重要性，以及了解这些内源性节律如何有助于为各种内分泌疾病构建适当的治疗方法。
Recent strides in circadian biology over the last several decades have allowed researchers new insight into how molecular circadian clocks influence the broader physiology of mammals. Elucidation of transcriptional feedback loops at the heart of endogenous circadian clocks has allowed for a deeper analysis of how timed cellular programs exert effects on multiple endocrine axes. While the full understanding of endogenous clocks is currently incomplete, recent work has re-evaluated prior findings with a new understanding of the involvement of these cellular oscillators, and how they may play a role in constructing rhythmic hormone synthesis, secretion, reception, and metabolism. This review addresses current research into how multiple circadian clocks in the hypothalamus and pituitary receive photic information from oscillators within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and how resultant hypophysiotropic and pituitary hormone release is then temporally gated to produce an optimal result at the cognate target tissue. Special emphasis is placed not only on neural communication among the SCN and other hypothalamic nuclei, but also how endogenous clocks within the endocrine hypothalamus and pituitary may modulate local hormone synthesis and secretion in response to SCN cues. Through evaluation of a larger body of research into the impact of circadian biology on endocrinology, we can develop a greater appreciation into the importance of timing in endocrine systems, and how understanding of these endogenous rhythms can aid in constructing appropriate therapeutic treatments for a variety of endocrinopathies.
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