Sources of particle number concentration and noise near London Gatwick Airport.
Sources of particle number concentration and noise near London Gatwick Airport.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107092
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Fuller GW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tremper AH;Jephcote C;Gulliver J;Hibbs L;Green DC;Font A;Priestman M;Hansell AL;Fuller GW
2018-19年，在盖特威克机场附近的两个地点测量了颗粒大小分布和噪音水平。最高粒子数浓度（PNC）的网站接近跑道。源解析确定了六个因素在每个网站与机场源因素贡献17%。最大的噪声源以上的背景与新的交通和城市颗粒源取决于网站。PNC不太可能是机场附近飞机噪音和健康的流行病学研究中的重要混杂因素。越来越多的证据表明，飞机噪音和飞机相关的超细颗粒物（UFP）可能对健康产生影响。然而，机场附近的噪音和UFP的测量很少，因此它们的变化和关系还没有得到很好的理解。2018-19年，在盖特威克机场（英国）附近的两个地点测量了颗粒数尺寸分布和噪声水平，旨在表征颗粒数浓度（PNC）并将PNC源（特别是UFP）与噪声联系起来。正矩阵分解用于颗粒数尺寸分布以识别这些来源。平均PNC（7500- 12，000 p cm−3）与在伦敦市中心一条交通繁忙的道路附近测量的结果相似。PNC峰值（94，000 p cm−3）在靠近跑道的位置最高。机场源因子对两个地点的PNC贡献了17%，并且当各自地点位于跑道的下风处时，浓度最大。然而，PNC的主要来源与交通排放有关。这两个地点的噪音水平均高于世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议。确定的UFP源和噪声的回归模型表明，最大的噪声源（LAeq-1hr）以上的背景与新的交通和城市UFP的来源取决于网站。噪声和UFP的相关性是中等至低，这表明UFP不太可能是飞机噪声和健康的流行病学研究中的一个重要混杂因素。UFP和噪声之间的相关性受到气象因素的影响，这需要考虑在飞机噪声和健康之间的短期关联的研究。
Particle size distributions and noise levels were measured at two locations near Gatwick airport in 2018–19. Peak particle number concentrations (PNC) were highest at the site closer to the runway. Source apportionment identified six factors at each site with the airport source factor contributing 17%. The largest source of noise above background was associated with sources of fresh traffic and urban particles depending on the site. PNC is unlikely to be an important confounder in epidemiological studies of aircraft noise and health near airports. There is increasing evidence of potential health impacts from both aircraft noise and aircraft-associated ultrafine particles (UFP). Measurements of noise and UFP are however scarce near airports and so their variability and relationship are not well understood. Particle number size distributions and noise levels were measured at two locations near Gatwick airport (UK) in 2018–19 with the aim to characterize particle number concentrations (PNC) and link PNC sources, especially UFP, with noise. Positive Matrix Factorization was used on particle number size distribution to identify these sources. Mean PNC (7500–12,000 p cm−3) were similar to those measured close to a highly trafficked road in central London. Peak PNC (94,000 p cm−3) were highest at the site closer to the runway. The airport source factor contributed 17% to the PNC at both sites and the concentrations were greatest when the respective sites were downwind of the runway. However, the main source of PNC was associated with traffic emissions. At both sites noise levels were above the recommendations by the WHO (World Health Organisation). Regression models of identified UFP sources and noise suggested that the largest source of noise (LAeq-1hr) above background was associated with sources of fresh traffic and urban UFP depending on the site. Noise and UFP correlations were moderate to low suggesting that UFP are unlikely to be an important confounder in epidemiological studies of aircraft noise and health. Correlations between UFP and noise were affected by meteorological factors, which need to be considered in studies of short-term associations between aircraft noise and health.
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